Determination of N,N-dimethyltryptamine in Mimosa tenuiflora inner barks by matrix solid-phase dispersion procedure and GC–MS

Gaujac, Alain; Aquino, Adriano; Navickiene, Sandro; Andrade, Jaílson Bittencourt de

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.11.014

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Conventional time intensive protocols utilizing chromatographic or hyphenated methods such as HPLC-fluorescence, [36] gas chromatography (GC)-or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) have been used to isolate and identify DMT and harmala alkaloids in Ayahuasca. [30,[37][38][39][40][41] harmala. Intensive method development is also needed to optimize chromatographic M a n u s c r i p t 10 separation of the components in the brew, which adds to the overall analysis time.…”

Section: Page 8 Of 35mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GC-MS protocols have been developed for the characterization of Ayahuasca brews,[37,39,40] but the sample preparation steps and long chromatographic programs makes routine screening and identification challenging, especially in light of casework backlogs [42]. LC-MS methodology would enable analysis of aqueous Ayahuasca brews to be more straightforward than would be required for GC-MS.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Application of ambient ionization high resolution mass spectrometry to determination of the botanical provenance of the constituents of psychoactive drug mixtures

Lesiak

Musah

2016

Forensic Science International

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A continuing challenge in analytical chemistry is species-level determination of the constituents of mixtures that are made of a combination of plant species. There is an added urgency to identify components in botanical mixtures that have mind altering properties, due to the increasing global abuse of combinations of such plants. Here we demonstrate the proof of principle that ambient ionization mass spectrometry, namely direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry (DART-HRMS), and statistical analysis tools can be used to rapidly determine the individual components within a psychoactive brew (Ayahuasca) made from a mixture of botanicals. Five plant species used in Ayahuasca preparations were subjected to DART-HRMS analysis. The chemical fingerprint of each was reproducible but unique, thus enabling discrimination between them. The presence of important biomarkers, including N,N-dimethyltryptamine, harmaline and harmine, was confirmed using in-source collision-induced dissociation (CID). Six Ayahuasca brews made from combinations of various plant species were shown to possess a high level of similarity, despite having been made from different constituents. Nevertheless, the application of principal component analysis (PCA) was useful in distinguishing between each of the brews based on the botanical species used in the preparations. From a training set based on 900 individual analyses, three principal components covered 86.38% of the variance, and the leave-one-out cross validation was 98.88%. This is the first report of ambient ionization MS being successfully used for determination of the individual components of plant mixtures.

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Application of ambient ionization high resolution mass spectrometry to determination of the botanical provenance of the constituents of psychoactive drug mixtures

Lesiak

Musah

2016

Forensic Science International

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“…It is an endogenous compound in animals (Saavedra and Axelrod, 1972; Christian et al, 1977, Hollister, 1977) and in a wide variety of plants found around the globe. Major plant genera containing DMT include Phalaris, Delosperma, Acacia, Desmodium, Mimosa, Virola, and Psychotria, but DMT has been found even in apparently innocuous sources, such as leaves of citrus plants (Servillo et al, 2012), and in the leaves, seeds, and inner bark of mimosa tenuiflora, which has become a source of livestock poisoning (Gaujac et al, 2012). …”

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confidence: 99%

Neuropharmacology of N,N-dimethyltryptamine

Carbonaro

Gatch

2016

Brain Research Bulletin

159

179

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N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is an indole alkaloid widely found in plants and animals. It is best known for producing brief and intense psychedelic effects when ingested. Increasing evidence suggests that endogenous DMT plays important roles for a number of processes in the periphery and central nervous system, and may act as a neurotransmitter. This paper reviews the current literature of both the recreational use of DMT and its potential roles as an endogenous neurotransmitter. Pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action in the periphery and central nervous system, clinical uses and adverse effects are also reviewed. DMT appears to have limited neurotoxicity and other adverse effects except for intense cardiovascular effects when administered intravenously in large doses. Because of its role in nervous system signaling, DMT may be a useful experimental tool in exploring how brain works, and may also be a useful clinical tool for treatment of anxiety and psychosis.

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“…[22,38,[79][80][81][82][83] An effective alternative technique, especially useful when combined with GC, is matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD). [87] This procedure offered the advantage of low solvent consumption while providing excellent indices of selectivity, precision, and recovery. [87] This procedure offered the advantage of low solvent consumption while providing excellent indices of selectivity, precision, and recovery.…”

Section: Sample Preparation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[84,85] This approach was described first in 1989 [86] and was recently employed by Gaujac et al for the quantitative determination of DMT in the bark of M. tenuiflora. [87] Callaway et al reported the quantification of b-carbolines and DMT in P. viridis leaves and B. caapi stems obtained by sonication of a 100 mg sample for 10 min using a minimal volume of methanol (2 mL). Following optimization using a multivariate procedure, recoveries were reported in the range of 81.7-116.2%.…”

Section: Sample Preparation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical techniques for the determination of tryptamines and β‐carbolines in plant matrices and in psychoactive beverages consumed during religious ceremonies and neo‐shamanic urban practices

Gaujac

Navickiene

Collins

et al. 2012

Drug Testing and Analysis

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The consumption of ayahuasca, a hallucinogenic beverage used by indigenous communities in the Amazon, is increasing worldwide due to the expansion of syncretic religions founded in the north of Brazil in the first half of the twentieth century, such as Santo Daime and União do Vegetal. Another example is the jurema wine, a drink that originated from indigenous cultures of the northeast of Brazil. It is currently used for several religious practices throughout Brazil involving urban neo-shamanic rituals and syncretic Brazilian religions, such as Catimbó and Umbanda. Both plant products contain N,N-dimethyltryptamine which requires co-administration of naturally occurring monoamine oxidase inhibitors, for example β-carboline derivatives, in order to induce its psychoactive effects in humans. This review explores the cultural use of tryptamines and β-carbolines and focuses on the analytical techniques that have been recently applied to the determination of these compounds in ayahuasca, its analogues, and the plants used during the preparation of these beverages.

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Determination of N,N-dimethyltryptamine in Mimosa tenuiflora inner barks by matrix solid-phase dispersion procedure and GC–MS

Cited by 24 publications

References 30 publications

Application of ambient ionization high resolution mass spectrometry to determination of the botanical provenance of the constituents of psychoactive drug mixtures

Application of ambient ionization high resolution mass spectrometry to determination of the botanical provenance of the constituents of psychoactive drug mixtures

Neuropharmacology of N,N-dimethyltryptamine

Analytical techniques for the determination of tryptamines and β‐carbolines in plant matrices and in psychoactive beverages consumed during religious ceremonies and neo‐shamanic urban practices

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