Determination of Mycotoxins in Cereal-Based Porridge Destined for Infant Consumption by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Sartori, André Victor; Moraes, Maria Heloísa Paulino de; Santos, Rosana Pereira dos; Souza, Yuri Pereira; Nóbrega, Armi Wanderley da

doi:10.1007/s12161-017-0965-4

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Deoxynivalenol was detected in 20% of analyzed baby food samples. The incidence of DON was comparable to that of 26% found in Spain in 2012 by Rubert et al [32], but lower than the 76, 65, 57 and 44% reported between 2014–2017 by Juan et al [14], Sartori et al [24], Zhang et al [26] and Pereira et al [33], respectively. However, the concentrations of DON were in line with other studies carried out in Italy in 2014 [14] and Portugal in 2015 [33].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…In comparison with other studies on baby food worldwide, our aflatoxins incidence percentage was lower than 66, 87 and 50% reported in Spain in 2010 by Hernández and Navarro [12], in Turkey in 2007 by Baydar et al [22] and in Canada in 2006 by Tam et al [23], respectively. In contrast, other researchers found lower incidence values of 7.1% in Brazil in 2017 [24] and 7% in Portugal in 2010 [25], while aflatoxins were not detected by Juan et al in Italy in 2014 [14], Zhang et al in the USA in 2014 [26] and Beltrán et al in Spain in 2011 [27].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Occurrence and Exposure Assessment of Aflatoxins and Deoxynivalenol in Cereal-Based Baby Foods for Infants

Herrera

Bervis

Carramiñana

et al. 2019

Toxins

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Aflatoxins are carcinogenic to humans and deoxynivalenol causes digestive disorders, and both mycotoxins occur frequently in cereal-based foods. The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence and levels of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) and deoxynivalenol (DON) in cereal-based baby foods as well as to calculate the estimated daily intakes (EDI) in different stages of infancy. Sixty samples of infant cereals (wheat-, corn-, rice-, oat-, and mixed grain-based) were collected during a 2-year period and analyzed by validated methods. Aflatoxins were detected in 12 samples (20%), six of which exceeded the EU maximum level for aflatoxin B1 set at 0.10 µg/kg. Deoxynivalenol appeared in 20% of baby food samples, with one sample exceeding the EU maximum level established at 200 µg/kg. There were no significant differences between gluten-free products for babies aged 4–6 months and multi-cereal products for infants aged 7–12 months, nor between whole-grain-based and refined ingredients. However, baby food products of organic origin showed significantly higher levels of deoxynivalenol than conventional ones (p < 0.05). It is proposed for the health protection of infants and young children, a vulnerable group, to establish the lowest maximum level for the sum of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) in baby food.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Occurrence and Exposure Assessment of Aflatoxins and Deoxynivalenol in Cereal-Based Baby Foods for Infants

Herrera

Bervis

Carramiñana

et al. 2019

Toxins

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“…Several surveys based on monitoring food and feed contamination (Lee & Ryu, 2017;Sartori, Moraes, Santos, Souza, & Nobrega, 2017;Schatzmayr & Streit, 2013) or biomarker approach (Gerding, Cramer, & Humpf, 2014;Heyndrickx et al, 2015) indicate that humans and animals are continuously exposed to combinations of mycotoxins in different concentrations. Although FB 1 , DON and ZEN Fusarium mycotoxins co-occur and have important animal and human health consequences, only a small number of studies have investigated their interaction in animals (e.g., Kouadio et al, 2013;Pestka et al, 1987;Ren et al, 2016;Szabó et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between the three frequently co‐occurringFusariummycotoxins in rats

Szabó-Fodor

Szabó

Kócsó

et al. 2018

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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To test the complex, acute biochemical effects of combined, naturally co‐occurring fusariotoxins, a 5‐day rat study was performed. Mycotoxin treatment was invented by intraperitoneal injection: FB1 (F): 9 µg/animal/day (approx. 30 µg/kg bw/day), DON (D): 16.5 µg/animal/day (approx. 55 µg/kg bw/day) and ZEN (Z): 12.75 µg/animal/day (approx. 42.5 µg/kg bw/day). The binary groups (FB1 and DON [FD], FB1 and ZEN [FZ] and DON and ZEN [DZ]) as well as the ternary (FB1, DON and ZEN [FDZ]) group were dosed at the same combined level as the individual mycotoxins. Body weight, feed intake and mortality were not affected by any of the treatments. FB1 and DON in combination (FD) increased the plasma aspartate aminotransferase activity synergistically (compared to the individual FB1 and DON). In the liver, both the total glutathione (GSH) and the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were increased (p < 0.05) by the binary FB1 and ZEN (FZ) and the DON and ZEN (DZ) groups as well as the ternary FB1, DON and ZEA group (FDZ) compared to the control. The GSH level of the ternary group was significantly increased compared to the FB1 group, whereas the GPx activity of the ternary group was significantly increased compared to all three the individual mycotoxin groups. The Bliss independence method revealed synergism between DON and ZEN (DZ), as well as FB1 and DON (FD) on liver GPx activity. None of the toxins alone or in combination exerted strong genotoxicity on lymphocytes, neither on the gross histopathological characteristics. However, even at these low levels acute exposure of more than one of these mycotoxins (FB1, DON and ZEN) affected metabolic and detoxification changes.

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“…The mobile phase flow rate was set at 0.3 mL min -1 . Two elution gradients were used in this study to avoid the presence of fumonisin carryover (Sartori et al, 2017). The aqueous mobile phase of the elution gradient used to determined fumonisins, hydrolyzed fumonisins and sterigmatocystin was 0.3% acid formic solution, with the gradient beginning at 60% methanol, increasing to 80% for 3 min, held at 80% for 1 min.…”

Section: Uplc-ms/ms Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method reported by Sartori et al (2017) was used for sample preparation, as follows. About 3 g of each sample was weighed in 50 mL centrifuge tubes, followed by the addition of 5 mL n-hexane, 5 mL of a 3% formic acid solution and 10 mL acetonitrile.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation and application of an analytical method for the determination of mycotoxins in crackers by UPLC-MS/MS

et al. 2019

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An analytical method applying ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was validated for the determination of aflatoxins M2, M1, G2, G1, B2, B1, deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin A, fumonisins B1 and B2, hydrolyzed fumonisins B1 and B2, zearalenone and sterigmatocystin in crackers. The obtained recoveries (70 to 110%) and relative standard deviations (< 13%) were considered satisfactory. Method limits of quantification ranged from 0.20 µg kg-1 (sterigmatocystin) to 12.27 µg kg-1 (deoxynivalenol). The validated method was then applied for mycotoxin determination in 60 cracker samples (cream crackers and water and salt crackers) obtained from the metropolitan area of the state of Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and fumonisin B1 were found, respectively, in 100, 50 and 28% of the analyzed samples. The maximum permissible limits established by Brazilian legislation for deoxynivalenol and zearalenone were not exceeded in the analyzed samples.

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Determination of Mycotoxins in Cereal-Based Porridge Destined for Infant Consumption by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 15 publications

References 60 publications

Occurrence and Exposure Assessment of Aflatoxins and Deoxynivalenol in Cereal-Based Baby Foods for Infants

Occurrence and Exposure Assessment of Aflatoxins and Deoxynivalenol in Cereal-Based Baby Foods for Infants

Interaction between the three frequently co‐occurringFusariummycotoxins in rats

Validation and application of an analytical method for the determination of mycotoxins in crackers by UPLC-MS/MS

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