Determination of multiple phytohormones in fruits by high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by precolumn fluorescent labeling

Abstract

Plant hormone determination in food matrices has attracted more and more attention because of their potential risks to human health. However, analytical methods for the analysis of multiple plant hormones remain poorly investigated. In the present study, a convenient, selective, and ultrasensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of multiple classes of plant hormones has been developed successfully using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by precolumn fluorescent labeling. Eight plant hormones in fruits including jasmonic acid, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, 3-indolybutyric acid, 3-indolepropionic acid, gibberellin A3 , 1-naphthylacetic acid, and 2-naphthaleneacetic acid were analyzed by this method. The conditions employed for dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction were optimized systematically. The linearity for all plant hormones was found to be >0.9993 (R(2) values). This method offered low detection limits of 0.19-0.44 ng/mL (at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3), and method accuracies were in the range of 92.32-103.10%. The proposed method was applied to determine plant hormones in five kinds of food samples, and this method can achieve a short analysis time, low threshold levels of detection, and a high specificity for the analysis of targeted plant hormones present at trace level concentrations in complex matrices.

Zirconium(IV)‐based metal–organic frameworks (UiO‐67) as solid‐phase extraction adsorbents for extraction of phenoxyacetic acid herbicides from vegetables

“…Plant growth regulators, a type of structural endocrine disruptor compound, can integrate extracellular signals to control plant growth, improve agricultural production, Article Related Abbreviations: 2,4-D, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; 2,4-DP, 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid; 4-CPA, 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid; DICA, Dicamba; H 2 BPDC, 4,4-biphenyl-dicarboxylic acid; PAA, phenoxyacetic acid; MOF, metal-organic framework and enhance agricultural characteristics [1][2][3]. The phenoxyacetic acid herbicides (PAAs) such as four acidic herbicides (dicamba (DICA), 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and 2-(2,4dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid (2,4-DP)), as a kind of plant growth regulators, have been extensively used in agriculture especially for vegetables because of their low cost and good water solubility [4].…”

Auxin Extraction and Purification Based on Recombinant Aux/IAA Proteins

“…Alternate types of extraction methods have been reported in previous studies that use various organic solvents, such as ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile, chloroform, acetone, propanol, ethyl acetate and acetic acid [7–12]. Most recently, pre-cooled 80% methanol has become a universal extraction solvent for IAA and several other phytohormones because of its high efficiency during extraction and enhanced levels of recovery [6, 13]. …”

Simultaneous analysis of ten phytohormones in Sargassum horneri by high‐performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

“…HPLC–MS/MS operated in multiple reaction monitoring mode is the most commonly used technique for the highly sensitive and selective analysis of phytohormones. However, it has been mainly confined to several phytohormones from species of fruits , rice , and oilseed .…”