Determination of multiple mycotoxins in maize using quechers sample preparation and LC-MS/MS detection

Vuković, Gorica; Kos, Jovana; Bursić, Vojislava; Čolović, Radmilo; Vukmirović, Đuro; Jajić, Igor; Krstović, Saša

doi:10.2298/zmspn1733123v

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Standardization of the extraction and detection methods on multiple matrices is one of the goals of the authors, aiming at a full comprehensive study of the whole maize value chain and the identification of crucial contamination stages until the final product, namely milk. The QuEChERS protocol fulfilled the criteria for this purpose, being a current widely and extensively used clean-up/extraction protocol for multi-mycotoxin determination in several feed and food matrices due to its advantages compared to other clean-up/extraction procedures [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ]. Specific applications of this protocol to milk samples is nonetheless scarce.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins in Raw Bovine Milk: UHPLC-QTrap-MS/MS Method as a Biosafety Control Tool

Leite

Freitas

Barbosa

et al. 2023

Toxins

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Mycotoxins are compounds produced by several fungi that contaminate agricultural fields and, either directly or by carry-over, final food products. Animal exposure to these compounds through contaminated feed can lead to their excretion into milk, posing threats to public health. Currently, aflatoxin M1 is the sole mycotoxin with a maximum level set in milk by the European Union, as well as the most studied. Nonetheless, animal feed is known to be contaminated by several groups of mycotoxins with relevance from the food safety point of view that can be carried over into milk. To evaluate the multi-mycotoxin occurrence in this highly consumed food product it is crucial to develop precise and robust analytical methodologies towards their determination. In this sense, an analytical method for the simultaneous identification of 23 regulated, non-regulated, and emerging mycotoxins in raw bovine milk using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was validated. A modified QuEChERS protocol for extraction purposes was used, and further validation was performed by assessing the selectivity and specificity, limits of detection and quantification (LOD and LOQ), linearity, repeatability, reproducibility, and recovery. The performance criteria were compliant with mycotoxin-specific and general European regulations for regulated, non-regulated, and emerging mycotoxins. The LOD and LOQ ranged between 0.001 and 9.88 ng mL−1 and 0.005 and 13.54 ng mL−1, respectively. Recovery values were between 67.5 and 119.8%. The repeatability and reproducibility parameters were below 15 and 25%, respectively. The validated methodology was successfully applied to determine regulated, non-regulated, and emerging mycotoxins in raw bulk milk from Portuguese dairy farms, proving the importance of widening the monitoring scope of mycotoxins in dairy products. Additionality, this method presents itself as a new strategic and integrated biosafety control tool for dairy farms for the analysis of these natural and relevant human risks.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins in Raw Bovine Milk: UHPLC-QTrap-MS/MS Method as a Biosafety Control Tool

Leite

Freitas

Barbosa

et al. 2023

Toxins

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“…Today, some of the mycotoxins extraction techniques used for various matrices are: a liquidliquid extraction (LLE), pressure liquid extraction (PLE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), solid phase extraction (SPE), matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), ultrasound and homogenizing extraction with various organic solvents mixtures (Bursić et al 2013, Vuković et al, 2017. The concept of the "Green Analytical Chemistry" evolved from the growing interest in developing more environmentally friendly chemical analyses (Breidbach, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A "dilute-and-shoot" method for the Alternaria mycotoxins determination in wheat

Vuković¹,

Bursić²,

Stojanović³

et al. 2022

Acta agriculturae Serbica

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Alternaria mycotoxins are the secondary metabolites for which the regulations, as well as the standardization, are yet going to be established by the European Commission and the European Committee for Standardization. This paper describes the possibility to apply a "dilute-and-shoot" method for the determination of tentoxin, alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether in wheat. The used chromatographic method was liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The strategy involves extraction the samples with the acetonitrile and water mixture (84/16, v/v), followed by the vortexing, centrifugation and filtration before the injection into the LC-MS/MS system. The recovery was assessed by analysis of spiked samples with a mixture of standard solutions of all three mycotoxins at two spiking levels (0.02 and 0.1 mg kg-1) in six replicates. The obtained average recoveries and precisions (expressed as the RSDr, %) for "dilute-and-shoot" method were 76.3% (RSDr of 6.47%) for alternariol, 105.2% (RSDr of 2.16%) for tentoxin, and 86.0% (RSDr of 3.91%) for alternariol monomethyl ether. All the obtained validation data were in accordance with the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and Commission Regulation (EC) No 401/2006. The main advantages of the present method are the simple and easy sample preparation, along with the high-sensitivity detection.

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“…Today, some of the mycotoxins extraction techniques used for various matrices are as follows: a liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), pressure liquid extraction (PLE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), solid phase extraction (SPE), matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), ultrasound and homogenizing extraction with various organic solvents mixtures (Vuković et al, 2017). The "Green Analytical Chemistry" represents the trend resulting from the aspiration to make the chemical analyses more environmentally friendly (Breidbach, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quechers approach to the Alternaria mycotoxins detection in wheat: The recovery study

Bursić

Vuković

Stojanović

et al. 2022

Zb Mat srp prir nauk

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The performance of the QuEChERS extraction followed by the LC-MS/ MS analytical method was evaluated in terms of Alternaria mycotoxins recovery from the wheat. The alternariol (AOH), tentoxin (TEN) and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) were analyzed using the ESI+ (electrospray positive ionization) by multiple reactions mon?itoring mode (MRM). In order to determine the recovery, the blank wheat samples were spiked at two spiking levels (0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg) in six replicates. The obtained average recoveries and precisions (expressed as the RSDr, %) were as follows: 107.6% (RSDr of 6.84%) for alternariol, 108.0% (RSDr of 6.78%) for tentoxin and 110.1% (RSDr of 6.50%) for alternariol monomethyl ether. The results of this study were in accordance with the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and Commission Regulation (EC) No 401/2006.

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Determination of multiple mycotoxins in maize using quechers sample preparation and LC-MS/MS detection

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Mycotoxins in Raw Bovine Milk: UHPLC-QTrap-MS/MS Method as a Biosafety Control Tool

Mycotoxins in Raw Bovine Milk: UHPLC-QTrap-MS/MS Method as a Biosafety Control Tool

A "dilute-and-shoot" method for the Alternaria mycotoxins determination in wheat

Quechers approach to the Alternaria mycotoxins detection in wheat: The recovery study

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