Determination of MS2 Bacteriophage Stability at Low pH Using the Integrated Virus Detection System (IVDS)

Wick, Charles H.; Elashvili, Ilya; McCubbin, Patrick E.; Birenzvige, Amnon

doi:10.21236/ada457329

Cited by 6 publications

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“…The observed data shows that γ-PGA increases survival of MS2 bacteriophage when it is exposed to increasing temperatures including 37 °C, 50 °C and 60 °C ( Figure 4 ). A previous study using the integrated virus detection system (IVDS) found MS2 phages can be detected when temperatures are increased to 63 °C for half an hour, but longer exposure or increasing temperature results in a quick decrease in detectable MS2 particles [ 30 ]. However, we show here that MS2 phages without γ-PGA were detected even after 24 h of exposure to 60 °C but with very low viable number.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid: Biodegradable Polymer for Potential Protection of Beneficial Viruses

et al. 2016

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Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a naturally occurring polymer, which due to its biodegradable, non-toxic and non-immunogenic properties has been used successfully in the food, medical and wastewater industries. A major hurdle in bacteriophage application is the inability of phage to persist for extended periods in the environment due to their susceptibility to environmental factors such as temperature, sunlight, desiccation and irradiation. Thus, the aim of this study was to protect useful phage from the harmful effect of these environmental factors using the γ-PGA biodegradable polymer. In addition, the association between γ-PGA and phage was investigated. Formulated phage (with 1% γ-PGA) and non-formulated phage were exposed to 50 °C. A clear difference was noticed as viability of non-formulated phage was reduced to 21% at log10 1.3 PFU/mL, while phage formulated with γ-PGA was 84% at log10 5.2 PFU/mL after 24 h of exposure. In addition, formulated phage remained viable at log10 2.5 PFU/mL even after 24 h of exposure at pH 3 solution. In contrast, non-formulated phages were totally inactivated after the same time of exposure. In addition, non-formulated phages when exposed to UV irradiation died within 10 min. In contrast also phages formulated with 1% γ-PGA had a viability of log10 4.1 PFU/mL at the same exposure time. Microscopy showed a clear interaction between γ-PGA and phages. In conclusion, the results suggest that γ-PGA has an unique protective effect on phage particles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phage MS2 is stable over a wide range of pH values. Previous work has found MS2 is stable under strong acidic conditions as low as pH 1.4 [ 30 ]. This may explain why we did not observe a difference in formulated and non-formulated MS2 viability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid: Biodegradable Polymer for Potential Protection of Beneficial Viruses

et al. 2016

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“…ES-DMA has been previously used to measure the size of both large and small viruses including adenovirus (including strain MAD-K87), , rhinovirus (HRV2 and HRV14), , rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV), , cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), MS2, ,− cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV), reo-3 reovirus, and the Kilham rat virus (KRV) . Viruses with tubular components such as T2, T4, λ-phage, and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) have also been analyzed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Physical Characterization of Icosahedral Virus Ultra Structure, Stability, and Integrity Using Electrospray Differential Mobility Analysis

et al. 2011

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We present a rapid and quantitative method to physically characterize the structure and stability of viruses. Electrospray differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA) is used to determine the size of capsomers (i.e., hexons) and complete capsids. We demonstrate how to convert the measured mobility size into the icosahedral dimensions of a virus, which for PR772 become 68.4 nm for vertex-to-vertex, 54.4 nm for facet-to-facet, and 58.2 nm for edge-to-edge lengths, in reasonable agreement with dimensions from transmission electron microscopy for other members of the family Tectiviridae (e.g., PRD1). These results indicate ES-DMA's mobility diameter most closely approximates the edge-to-edge length. Using PR772's edge length (36.0 nm) and the size of the major capsid hexon (≈8.4 nm) from ES-DMA with icosahedral geometry, PR772's T = 25 symmetry is confirmed and the number of proteins in the capsid shell is determined. We also demonstrate the use of ES-DMA to monitor the temporal disintegration of PR772, the thermal degradation of PP7, and the appearance of degradation products, essential to viral stability assays. These results lay groundwork essential for the use of ES-DMA for a variety of applications including monitoring of vaccine and gene therapy vector products, confirmation of viral inactivation, and theoretical studies of self-assembling macromolecular structures.

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“…As shown in Figure 4, the MS2 peak shows a count of 3 counts in the 21.67 -25.9 nm range in the ROI. The large peaks at 16.3 and 17.5 nm are indicative of the protein breakdown products from MS2 that has been disrupted due to chemical means [6,7].…”

Section: Chlorinated Water Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Sample Analysis With the Integrated Virus Detection System

Wick¹,

McCubbin²

2010

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Determination of MS2 Bacteriophage Stability at Low pH Using the Integrated Virus Detection System (IVDS)

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid: Biodegradable Polymer for Potential Protection of Beneficial Viruses

Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid: Biodegradable Polymer for Potential Protection of Beneficial Viruses

Physical Characterization of Icosahedral Virus Ultra Structure, Stability, and Integrity Using Electrospray Differential Mobility Analysis

Water Sample Analysis With the Integrated Virus Detection System

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