Determination of microelements in thyroids of the inhabitants of Belarus by neutron activation analysis using thek 0-method

2018

WHSJ

Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism does affect fertility. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism is 10-15 times more common in women than in men. Trace elements play important roles in thyroid function and fertility. Objective: The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate whether significant differences of trace element contents exists between female and male thyroids and how they can be related to the etiology of subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods: Thyroid tissue levels of ten trace elements: silver, cobalt, chromium, iron, mercury, rubidium, antimony, scandium, selenium, and zinc were prospectively evaluated in 105 healthy persons (33 females and 72 males). Measurements were performed using instrumental neutron activation analysis with high resolution spectrometry of long-lived radionuclides. Tissue samples were divided into two portions. One was used for morphological study while the other was intended for trace element analysis. Results: It was found that content of cobaltin thyroid of females was significantly higher than that of males, while contents of rubidiumand zinc were lower. Conclusions: Inappropriate content of intra-thyroidal cobalt, rubidiumand zinc can be associated with the etiology of female subclinical hypothyroidism.

Section: Comparison With Published Datasupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Role of Inadequate Quantities of Intra-Thyroidal Cobalt, Rubidium and Zinc in the Etiology of Female Subclinical Hypothyroidism

2018

WHSJ

“…The reliable data on trace element mass fractions in normal geriatric thyroid is apparently extremely limited. There are many studies regarding trace element content in human thyroid, using chemical techniques and instrumental methods [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. However, the majority of these data are based on measurements of processed tissue and in many studies tissue samples are ashed (are burned in a muffle furnace) before analysis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related-Changes-of-Trace-Element-Contents-in-Intact-Thyroid-of-Females-Investigated-by-Neutron-Activation-Analysis

2017

GGM

IntroductionThe endocrine organs, including the thyroid gland, undergo important functional changes during aging and a prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is higher in the elderly as compared to the younger population [1,2]. Advancing age is known to influence the formation of adenomatous goiter and thyroid cancer [3]. The prevalence of thyroid nodules is increased in the elderly, reaching a frequency of nearly 50% by the age of 65 [4]. Both prevalence and aggressiveness of thyroid cancer increase with age [2]. Women are affected by thyroid nodule and cancer two to five times more often than men [2][3][4][5].Aging is a complex process involving biochemical and morphologic changes in single cells, in organs and in the whole organism. One of the most generally accepted explanations of how aging occurs at the molecular level is the oxidative stress hypothesis [6]. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are widely considered to be a causal factor not only in aging but in a number of pathological conditions, including carcinogenesis. Aging, considered as an impairment of body functions over time, caused by the accumulation of molecular damage in DNA, proteins and lipids, is also characterized by an increase in intracellular oxidative stress due to the progressive decrease of the intracellular ROS scavenging [7]. Oxidative damage to cellular macromolecules which induce cancer can also arise through overproduction of ROS and faulty antioxidant and/or DNA repair mechanisms [8]. Overproduction of ROS is associated with inflammation, radiation and some other factors, including overload of some trace elements, in both blood and certain tissues, or deficiency of other trace elements with antioxidant properties [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Studies have shown that the imbalance in the composition of trace elements may cause different types of pathology. The importance of appropriate levels of many trace elements is indisputable, due to their beneficial roles when in specific concentration ranges, while on the other hand they can cause toxic effects with excessively high or low concentrations [12].In our previous studies [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] the high mass fraction of Iodine (I) and some other trace element were observed in intact human thyroid gland when compared with their levels in non-thyroid soft tissues of the human body. However, some questions about the age-dependence of trace element mass fraction in thyroid of adult, and particularly, elderly females still remain unanswered. One valuable way to elucidate the situation is to compare the mass fractions of trace elements in young adult (the control group) with those in older adult and geriatric thyroid. The findings of the excess or deficiency of trace element contents in thyroid and the perturbations of their relative proportions in glands of adult and elderly females, may give an indication of their role in a higher prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in the elderly. The reliable data on trace element mass fractions in normal geriatric thyroid is apparently extremel...

“…Good agreement of the Br, Cu, Fe, Rb, Sr, and Zn contents analyzed by EDXRF with the certified data of CRM IAEA H-4 (Table 1) indicates an acceptable accuracy of the results obtained in the study of trace elements of the thyroid presented in Tables 2-5. The obtained means for Br, Cu, Fe, Rb, Sr, and Zn mass fraction, as shown in Table 3, agree well with the medians of mean values cited by other researches for the human thyroid, including samples received from persons who died from different non-thyroid diseases. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30] A number of values for chemical element mass fractions were not expressed on a dry mass basis by the authors of the cited references. However, we calculated these values using published data for water (75%) 40 and ash (4.16% on dry mass basis) 41 contents in thyroid of adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many studies regarding trace element content in human thyroid, using chemical techniques and instrumental methods. [25][26][27][28][29][30] However, the majority of these data are based on measurements of processed tissue and in many studies tissue samples are ashed before analysis. In other cases, thyroid samples are treated with solvents (distilled water, ethanol etc) and then are dried at a high temperature for many hours.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Changes of Some Trace Element Contents in Intact Thyroid of Males Investigated by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescent Analysis

2017

mojgg

Abbreviations: 109Cd EDXRF, 109cd radionuclide-induced energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence analysis; CRM/SRM, certified/ standard reference materials; IAEA, international atomic energy agency IntroductionThe endocrine organs, including the thyroid gland, undergo important functional changes during aging and a prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is higher in the elderly as compared to the younger population.1,2 Advancing age is known to influence the formation of adenomatous goiter and thyroid cancer.3 The prevalence of thyroid nodules is increased in the elderly, reaching a frequency of nearly 50% by the age of 65.4 Both prevalence and aggressiveness of thyroid cancer increase with age.2 Women are affected by thyroid nodule and cancer two to five times more often than men, but in age over 65 years a prevalence of thyroid cancer is higher in men. [2][3][4][5] Aging is a complex process involving biochemical and morphologic changes in single cells, in organs, and in the whole organism. One of the most generally accepted explanations of how aging occurs at the molecular level is the oxidative stress hypothesis. 6 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are widely considered to be a causal factor not only in aging but in a number of pathological conditions, including carcinogenesis. Aging, considered as an impairment of body functions over time, caused by the accumulation of molecular damage in DNA, proteins and lipids, is also characterized by an increase in intracellular oxidative stress due to the progressive decrease of the intracellular ROS scavenging.7 Oxidative damage to cellular macromolecules which induce cancer can also arise through overproduction of ROS and faulty antioxidant and/or DNA repair mechanisms. 8Overproduction of ROS is associated with inflammation, radiation, and some other factors, including overload of some trace elements, in both blood and certain tissues, or deficiency of other trace elements with antioxidant properties. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Studies have shown that the imbalance in the composition of trace elements may cause different types of pathology. The importance of appropriate levels of many trace elements is indisputable, due to their beneficial roles when in specific concentration ranges, while on the other hand they can cause toxic effects with excessively high or low concentrations. 12In our previous studies [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] the high mass fraction of iodine and some other trace element were observed in intact human thyroid gland when compared with their levels in non-thyroid soft tissues of the human body. However, some questions about the age-dependence of trace element mass fraction in thyroid of adult and, particularly, elderly females still remain unanswered. One valuable way to elucidate the situation is to compare the mass fractions of trace elements in young adult (the control group) with those in older adult and geriatric thyroid. The findings of the excess or deficiency of trace element contents in thyroid and the perturbations of their relative proport...