Determination of microcystins and nodularin (cyanobacterial toxins) in water by LC–MS/MS. Monitoring of Lake Marathonas, a water reservoir of Athens, Greece

Kaloudis, Triantafyllos; Zervou, Sevasti‐Kiriaki; Tsimeli, Katerina; Triantis, Theodoros M.; Fotiou, Theodora; Hiskia, Anastasia

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.07.036

Cited by 77 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…At present, none of the European countries have established monitoring program for cyanotoxins in potable minerals waters so far, and only some countries have done so for drinking water such as Spain, France, the Czech Republic and Poland (Burch, 2008). In Greece, there are very few official monitoring programs in place (Kaloudis et al, 2013;Gkelis et al, 2015a) for cyanobacterial blooms and toxins produced in freshwaters, whereas there is also no legisla- tion with regard to monitoring of these quality parameters (Cook et al, 2005). Moreover, there are no legally established maximum allowable concentrations for cyanotoxins in potable mineral water.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can cyanobacteria infect underground water sources? Evidence from a small scale monitoring of natural mineral water drinking source

Gkelis

Vlamis

2017

Adv Ocean Limnol

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The expansion of harmful cyanobacterial blooms is of worldwide concern as they have increased globally in frequency and intensity in recent decades. A cyanobacterial colony was found in a bottle of natural mineral water of a small water company in July 2012, which led to a further examination for a period of five months (July-November 2012) of both the bottled filtered water and the originating groundwater source (N. Greece) for the occurrence of Cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria occurrence was monitored by microscopy and cyanospecific 16S rDNA amplification; potentially toxic species occurrence was screened by mcyA gene (known to take part in the MC-biosynthetic gene cluster) amplification. The highest abundance of cyanobacterial cells without the simultaneous presence of the mcyA gene, was measured in July, in contrast to October when the presence of cyanobacteria was only identified by tracing cyanospecific 16S rDNA and the mcyA gene region in the underground water source. The results of this small scale monitoring program indicate the potential existence of an emerging danger for human health in a relatively manageable product such as the bottled natural mineral water.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can cyanobacteria infect underground water sources? Evidence from a small scale monitoring of natural mineral water drinking source

Gkelis

Vlamis

2017

Adv Ocean Limnol

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“…Beyond the traditional visual confirmation of water discoloration, fish kills, and laborious cell counts, new technologies for bloom monitoring and tracking span a wide range from the large scale using satellite remote sensing to the smallest scale of "molecular probes" [1,[79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87]. These new technologies stem from the need for real-or near real-time simultaneous detection of HAB species and their toxins such that surface water and coastal resource managers can promptly mitigate their economic, ecological, and environmental impacts, including providing the timely warning of approaching HABs [33,88].…”

Section: Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Techniques for Detecting and Monitoring Algal Toxins and Causative Harmful Algal Blooms

2014

J Environ Anal Chem

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The detection and monitoring techniques for algal toxins and the causative harmful algal blooms (HABs) are essential for the protection of aquatic lives, shellfish safety, drinking water quality, and public health. Toward the development of fast, easy, and reliable techniques, much progress has been made during the last decade for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of algal toxins. This review highlights the recent progress and new trends of these analytical and monitoring tools, ranging from in-situ quick screening protocols for the monitoring of algal blooms to mass spectrometric analysis of trace levels of various algal toxins and structural elucidation. Solid-phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT) deployed in the field for the passive sampling of algal toxins has been recently validated, and improved ELISA-based methods with lower detection limits for more toxins have become commercially available for both screening and routine monitoring purposes. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with several recent mass spectrometric innovations has expanded our understanding of traditional toxins, their metabolites along with newly discovered toxins of ecological importance. Several established in vivo and in vitro bioassays will continue to be used as benchmark toxicological testing of algal toxins; however, newly emerged molecular probing techniques such as real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) have extended our ability to trace algal toxins from causative organisms at the molecular level. New chemical and biological sensors, lab-on-chip and remote sensing of blooms being developed will hold promise for early warning and routine monitoring to better manage and protect our freshwater, coastal and marine resources from adverse impact by harmful algal blooms.

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“…Under favorable conditions, cyanobacteria can multiply rapidly to form blooms in water (Kaloudis et al, 2013). According to literature, over a 100 species of cyanobacteria belonging to 40 genera are reported to be toxigenic (Jayatissa et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the cyanotoxins (Van Apeldoorn et al, 2007). Cyanotoxins can be especially detrimental to human and animal health, aquatic habitats and aquaculture enterprises (Kaloudis et al, 2013). Cyanotoxins are very diverse in their chemical structure and toxicity, usually being classified as hepatotoxins, neurotoxins and dermatotoxins according to the toxic effects on animals (De Figueiredo et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The occurrence and levels of cyanotoxin nodularin from Nodularia spumigena in the alkaline and salty Lake Burdur, Turkey

et al. 2015

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Determination of microcystins and nodularin (cyanobacterial toxins) in water by LC–MS/MS. Monitoring of Lake Marathonas, a water reservoir of Athens, Greece

Cited by 77 publications

References 57 publications

Can cyanobacteria infect underground water sources? Evidence from a small scale monitoring of natural mineral water drinking source

Can cyanobacteria infect underground water sources? Evidence from a small scale monitoring of natural mineral water drinking source

Current Techniques for Detecting and Monitoring Algal Toxins and Causative Harmful Algal Blooms

The occurrence and levels of cyanotoxin nodularin from Nodularia spumigena in the alkaline and salty Lake Burdur, Turkey

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