Determination of microbial fatty acid profiles at femtomolar levels in human urine and the initial marine microfouling community by capillary gas chromatography-chemical ionization mass spectrometry with negative ion detection

Odham, Göran; Tunlid, Anders; Westerdahl, Gunilla; Larsson, Lennart; Guckert, James B.; White, David C.

doi:10.1016/0167-7012(85)90015-6

Cited by 47 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…2-Hydroxymyristic acid (n14:0(2-OH)) could have originated from sphingolipids of Sphingomonas [11] and 3-hydroxymyristic acid (n14:0(3-)H)) (higher amounts than i14:0(3-OH)), is a common constituent of the LPS of Gram-negative bacteria [12]. These species were also detected by standard microbial techniques (data not shown).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Legionella pneumophila in biofilms containing a complex microbial consortium by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of genus-specific hydroxy fatty acids

Walker

1993

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method was used to detect Legionella pneumophila in biofilms in potable water containing a complex microbial consortium. The unique 3-hydroxy and 2,3-dihydroxy fatty acids of the L. pneumophila lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were detected in both the planktonic phase of the continuous culture model and in the biofilms forming on both copper and polyethylene substrata. The technique confirmed that lower numbers of Legionella colonised and grew on copper in comparison to polyethylene and offers promise for routine detection of Legionella in biofilms in the environment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Legionella pneumophila in biofilms containing a complex microbial consortium by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of genus-specific hydroxy fatty acids

Walker

1993

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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“…Using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (5840A and 5985B, respectively, Hewlett-Packard Co., Palo Alto, CA), /3-hydroxymyristic acid in rTNFc~ preparations was not detected above background levels (sterile water was <40 pg/mg). Adding known amounts of endotoxin to rTNFc~ resulted in complete recovery of the calculated amount of ~-hydroxymyristic acid (25). The human rIL-1 used in these studies was the pI 7 form (16), provided by Cistron Technology, Inc. (Pine Brook, NJ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor necrosis factor (cachectin) is an endogenous pyrogen and induces production of interleukin 1.

Dinarello¹,

Cannon²,

Wolff³

et al. 1986

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

1,376

484

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Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rTNF alpha) injected intravenously into rabbits produces a rapid-onset, monophasic fever indistinguishable from the fever produced by rIL-1. On a weight basis (1 microgram/kg) rTNF alpha and rIL-1 produce the same amount of fever and induce comparable levels of PGE2 in rabbit hypothalamic cells in vitro; like IL-1, TNF fever is blocked by drugs that inhibit cyclooxygenase. At higher doses (10 micrograms/kg) rTNF alpha produces biphasic fevers. The first fever reaches peak elevation 45-55 min after bolus injection and likely represents a direct action on the thermoregulatory center. During the second fever peak (3 h later), a circulating endogenous pyrogen can be shown present using passive transfer of plasma into fresh rabbits. This likely represents the in vivo induction of IL-1. In vitro, rTNF alpha induces the release of IL-1 activity from human mononuclear cells with maximal production observed at 50-100 ng/ml of rTNF alpha. In addition, rTNF alpha and rIFN-gamma have a synergistic effect on IL-1 production. The biological activity of rTNF alpha could be distinguished from IL-1 in three ways: the monophasic pyrogenic activity of rIL-1 was destroyed at 70 degrees C, whereas rTNF alpha remained active; anti-IL-1 neutralized IL-1 but did recognize rTNF alpha or natural cachectin nor neutralize its cytotoxic effect; and unlike IL-1, rTNF alpha was not active in the mitogen-stimulated T cell proliferation assay. The possibility that endotoxin was responsible for rTNF alpha fever and/or the induction of IL-1 was ruled-out in several studies: rTNF alpha produced fever in the endotoxin-resistant C3H/HeJ mice; the IL-1-inducing property of rTNF alpha was destroyed either by heat (70 degrees C) or trypsinization, and was unaffected by polymyxin B; pyrogenic tolerance to daily injections of rTNF alpha did not occur; levels of endotoxin, as determined in the Limulus amebocyte lysate, were below the minimum rabbit pyrogen dose; and these levels of endotoxin were confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis for the presence of beta-hydroxymyristic acid. Although rTNF alpha is not active in T cell proliferation assays, it may mimic IL-1 in a T cell assay, since high concentrations of rTNF alpha induced IL-1 from epithelial or macrophagic cells in the thymocyte preparations. These studies show that TNF (cachectin) is another endogenous pyrogen which, like IL-1 and IFN-alpha, directly stimulate hypothalamic PGE2 synthesis. In addition, rTNF alpha is an endogenous inducer of IL-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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“…of sediment, using a modification of the Bligh and Dyer extraction procedures (26). Surface soils contained 6.6 f 0.3 nmoles phospholipid ester-linked fatty acids (PLFA)/gdw, equivalent to the AODC counts of lOg/gdw, while subsurface materials contained 3 to 5 orders of magnitude fewer PLFA.…”

Section: Measurements Of Microbial Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial life in the deep terrestrial subsurface

Fliermans¹,

Balkwill²,

Beeman³

et al. 1988

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Determination of microbial fatty acid profiles at femtomolar levels in human urine and the initial marine microfouling community by capillary gas chromatography-chemical ionization mass spectrometry with negative ion detection

Cited by 47 publications

References 16 publications

Detection of Legionella pneumophila in biofilms containing a complex microbial consortium by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of genus-specific hydroxy fatty acids

Detection of Legionella pneumophila in biofilms containing a complex microbial consortium by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of genus-specific hydroxy fatty acids

Tumor necrosis factor (cachectin) is an endogenous pyrogen and induces production of interleukin 1.

Microbial life in the deep terrestrial subsurface

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