Abstract:Mycoplasmas are fastidious microorganisms, typically characterised by their restricted metabolism and minimalist genome. Although there is reported evidence that some mycoplasmas can develop biofilms little is known about any differences in metabolism in these organisms between the growth states. A systematic metabolomics approach may help clarify differences associated between planktonic and biofilm associated mycoplasmas. In the current study, the metabolomics of two different mycoplasmas of clinical importa… Show more
“…However, these genes were expressed at a similar level (total modified-TPM in gwj16 was 0.95% of gwj15) or were more active (1.4-fold higher in gwj14 than gwj13). In addition to differences in genomic potentials described above, gene expression profiles further suggest specific adaptations of ultra-small prokaryotes for biofilms, as shown previously in host-associated microorganisms [ 90 , 91 ]. Fig.…”
Aquifers are populated by highly diverse microbial communities, including unusually small bacteria and archaea. The recently described Patescibacteria (or Candidate Phyla Radiation) and DPANN radiation are characterized by ultra-small cell and genomes sizes, resulting in limited metabolic capacities and probable dependency on other organisms to survive. We applied a multi-omics approach to characterize the ultra-small microbial communities over a wide range of aquifer groundwater chemistries. Results expand the known global range of these unusual organisms, demonstrate the wide geographical range of over 11,000 subsurface-adapted Patescibacteria, Dependentiae and DPANN archaea, and indicate that prokaryotes with ultra-small genomes and minimalistic metabolism are a characteristic feature of the terrestrial subsurface. Community composition and metabolic activities were largely shaped by water oxygen content, while highly site-specific relative abundance profiles were driven by a combination of groundwater physicochemistries (pH, nitrate-N, dissolved organic carbon). We provide insights into the activity of ultra-small prokaryotes with evidence that they are major contributors to groundwater community transcriptional activity. Ultra-small prokaryotes exhibited genetic flexibility with respect to groundwater oxygen content, and transcriptionally distinct responses, including proportionally greater transcription invested into amino acid and lipid metabolism and signal transduction in oxic groundwater, along with differences in taxa transcriptionally active. Those associated with sediments differed from planktonic counterparts in species composition and transcriptional activity, and exhibited metabolic adaptations reflecting a surface-associated lifestyle. Finally, results showed that groups of phylogenetically diverse ultra-small organisms co-occurred strongly across sites, indicating shared preferences for groundwater conditions.
“…However, these genes were expressed at a similar level (total modified-TPM in gwj16 was 0.95% of gwj15) or were more active (1.4-fold higher in gwj14 than gwj13). In addition to differences in genomic potentials described above, gene expression profiles further suggest specific adaptations of ultra-small prokaryotes for biofilms, as shown previously in host-associated microorganisms [ 90 , 91 ]. Fig.…”
Aquifers are populated by highly diverse microbial communities, including unusually small bacteria and archaea. The recently described Patescibacteria (or Candidate Phyla Radiation) and DPANN radiation are characterized by ultra-small cell and genomes sizes, resulting in limited metabolic capacities and probable dependency on other organisms to survive. We applied a multi-omics approach to characterize the ultra-small microbial communities over a wide range of aquifer groundwater chemistries. Results expand the known global range of these unusual organisms, demonstrate the wide geographical range of over 11,000 subsurface-adapted Patescibacteria, Dependentiae and DPANN archaea, and indicate that prokaryotes with ultra-small genomes and minimalistic metabolism are a characteristic feature of the terrestrial subsurface. Community composition and metabolic activities were largely shaped by water oxygen content, while highly site-specific relative abundance profiles were driven by a combination of groundwater physicochemistries (pH, nitrate-N, dissolved organic carbon). We provide insights into the activity of ultra-small prokaryotes with evidence that they are major contributors to groundwater community transcriptional activity. Ultra-small prokaryotes exhibited genetic flexibility with respect to groundwater oxygen content, and transcriptionally distinct responses, including proportionally greater transcription invested into amino acid and lipid metabolism and signal transduction in oxic groundwater, along with differences in taxa transcriptionally active. Those associated with sediments differed from planktonic counterparts in species composition and transcriptional activity, and exhibited metabolic adaptations reflecting a surface-associated lifestyle. Finally, results showed that groups of phylogenetically diverse ultra-small organisms co-occurred strongly across sites, indicating shared preferences for groundwater conditions.
“…In addition, a work that quantified metabolites, including glycolysis compounds, amino acids, and nucleotides in the growth of human mycoplasmas, was recently reported, and the results showed that the metabolic pathways in human mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma fermentans and Mycoplasma pneumoniae) are regulated by multiple enzymatic reactions. Analyzing the metabolic pathways in planktonic cell activity and biofilm will allow a better understanding of the essential and non-essential metabolites in the formation and establishment of human mycoplasma biofilms [16,17].…”
Biofilms have a wide distribution in various environments and even in devices used in medical practice, for this reason its relevance to study these structures and consider strategies to prevent their development and the effects they imply. Due to the medical importance that mycoplasmas represent, the objective of the present work was to analyze the capacity of Mycoplasma fermentans P140 to form a biofilm on an inert surface and to document the characteristics of the process in the formation of biofilm in Mollicutes. The interaction of the culture of Mycoplasma fermentans P140 with intrauterine devices for 72 hours showed by macroscopic analysis the crystal violet staining of the technique to evaluate biofilm formation, stereoscopic microscopy showed the formation of cell aggregates and by scanning electron microscopy the characteristic formation of biofilm. The search for reports referring to studies of biofilm formation in Mollicutes showed that there is recent evidence of biofilm formation in this group of microorganisms, both of veterinary medical interest and of interest in public health. Through metabolomics studies, it will be possible to demonstrate the metabolic products during the formation of biofilms in the different genera and species of these bacteria. Representing these investigations relevance to the field of public health and other ecosystems where health-disease processes are related.
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