Determination of mercury in seawater at sub-nanogram per liter levels

Bloom, Nicolas S.; Crecelius, E.A.

doi:10.1016/0304-4203(83)90069-5

Cited by 537 publications

(225 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The total Hg in each fraction was determined by CVAFS after oxidation with BrCl, since BrCl has been found to be an excellent oxidant and preservative for total Hg in water samples (Bloom and Crecelius, 1983) and adopted in EPA method 1631.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The speciation and bioavailability of mercury in sediments of Haihe River, China

Shi

Liang

Jiang

et al. 2005

Environment International

144

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Twenty-one sediment samples in 11 sites along the Haihe River and Dagu Drainage River, Tianjin, China, were analyzed to investigate the pollution status and bioavailability of mercury (Hg). The results showed that the Haihe River was slightly polluted with Hg when flowing through Tianjin city. On the contrary, the sediments collected from Dagu Drainage River, an important drainage river in Tianjin, were found to have very high Hg concentrations and the highest concentration reached 8779.1 ng g À1 (dry weight). The methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations accounted for 0.1-2.4% (average: 0.9%) of total mercury (HgT) and were strongly influenced by HgT (r=0.91, p=0.99, n=20) and total organic carbon (TOC; r=0.76, p=0.99, n=20) contents in sediments. Moreover, a five-step sequential selective extraction (SSE) procedure was used to study the bioavailability of Hg in sediments. The mercury in sediments existed mainly as element Hg and mercury sulfide, which accounted for 46.5% and 39.0% of HgT, respectively. The percentage of exchangeable Hg (defined as water soluble Hg plus dhuman stomach acidT soluble Hg) was only 0.1-4.6%. The distribution of exchangeable Hg showed an obvious difference to that of HgT, indicating that the HgT concentrations were absolutely insufficient to evaluate the risk of Hg in sediments. D

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The speciation and bioavailability of mercury in sediments of Haihe River, China

Shi

Liang

Jiang

et al. 2005

Environment International

144

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“…Vaporized mercury is introduced to detection cell and measured the absorbance in 253.7 nm. We used a CVAAS system (RA-3220, Nippon Instruments Co.) and vaporized procedure was modified with Bloom and Crecelius (1983) (Bloom and Crecelius 1983). 5 mL of seawater sample were mixed with 0.5 mL of 50 % H 2 SO 4 (analytical grade, Kanto Chemical) and 0.5 mL of 10 % SnCl 2 (analytical grade, Kanto Chemical) in closed glass vial.…”

Section: Physicochemical Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Determination of Bacterial Growth in Mixing Zone of Hydrothermal Vent Field on the Hatoma Knoll, Southern Okinawa Trough

Yamamoto

Maruyama

Tóth

et al. 2014

Subseafloor Biosphere Linked to Hydrothermal Systems

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The doubling time of indigenous bacteria in mixing-zone of hydrothermal fluid and seawater was determined using a diffusion chamber unit deployed on the field of Hatoma Knoll (24 51.50 0 N, 123 50.50 0 E), which is a submarine volcano located on southern Okinawa Trough. The diffusion chamber is a reliable tool to incubate and to directly measure the microbial growth under in situ condition of deep-sea, although an operation of submersible and a complicated preparation of seed water became the technical constraints. The doubling time at non-vent site distant from active vent site was estimated from 86 to 110 h, while at active vent sites more rapid doubling time, 21-32 h, were estimated. A potential sulfur-oxidizing bacteria belonging to Epsilonproteobacteria dominated the population grew in the chambers, which were incubated using the plume water obtained from the mixing zone between the vent fluid and seawater, and Bathymodiolus colony, while no detection of Gammaproteobacteria. The methaneoxidizing bacteria were detected only from gill and digestive tract of Bathymodiolus platifrons, and could not be detected from the chamber, although the chamber was placed on Bathymodiolus colony. The results of this study suggested that chemolithoautotrophic growth near by the hydrothermal vent is sustained by the rapid doubling time of Epsilonproteobacteria using chemical species dissolved in fluid and provides the chemoautotrophic product to deep-sea benthopelagic community, as well as a microbial products in hydrothermal vent plume.

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“…This was followed by a reduction with the same SnCl 2 solution used for reducing the reactive Hg fraction. 51,53,54 Total Hg includes all dissolved Hg species strongly bound to soluble inorganic and organic complexes, and probably some of the Hg weakly bound to suspended particles according to Bloom and Crecelius, 51 Marins et al 54 and EPA. 53 A recent study in Sepetiba Bay 44 shows that the total Hg extracted with bromine monochloride solution roughly correspond the dissolved Hg fraction due to low SPM concentrations.…”

Section: Mercury Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…51,54,[59][60][61][62][63] This fraction was always higher during the ebb tide (1.7 ± 0.8 ng L -1 , n = 40 and 3.5 ± 0.9 ng L -1 , n = 21 in dry and wet season respectively) than during the flood tide (0.7 ± 0.5 ng L -1 , n = 24 and 2.4 ± 0.8 ng L -1 , n = 23 in dry and wet season respectively) (Figure 3c). The average non-reactive Hg fraction during the dry season (1.3 ± 0.9 ng L -1 , n = 64) was lower than during the wet season (3.0 ± 1.0 ng L -1 , n = 44).…”

Section: Mercury Speciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…54,[59][60][61] Since the sample oxidation with bromine monochloride solution (BrCl) is sufficient to cleave C-Hg covalent bonds of the very stable organic-Hg complexes and liberate Hg +2 for reduction as part of the sparging step. 51,54,[59][60][61][62][63] Particulate Hg fraction was determined after the filtration of the non-acidified sub-samples through a glass micro fiber filter (0.70 µm, Whatman GF/F) pretreated by heating at 450 °C for 12 h, directly after sampling. The filters were analyzed by oxidation with a 50% (v/v) aqua-regia solution (4H 2 O:3HCl:1HNO 3 ), at 70 to 80 °C for 1 h followed by a reduction with the same SnCl 2 solution used for reducing the reactive Hg fraction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mercury speciation changes in waters of the sepetiba Bay, SE Brazil during tidal events and different seasons

Paraquetti¹,

Lacerda²,

Almeida³

et al. 2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Este estudo descreve as mudanças na especiação de Hg nas águas da Baía de Sepetiba, SE, Brasil, ao longo do gradiente estuarino, durante eventos de maré em diferentes estações. A avaliação química das águas da baía indicou uma exportação de material particulado em suspensão (MPS) pobre em carbono orgânico para a plataforma continental adjacente, principalmente durante a estação chuvosa e uma importação de MPS oceânico rico em carbono orgânico, provavelmente de origem fitoplanctônica, durante a estação seca. A especiação química do Hg demonstrou que a produção de Hg 0 na Baía de Sepetiba pode ser controlada pela produtividade primária, e que a baía atua como produtora e exportadora de formas orgânicas de Hg para as áreas adjacentes, já que as maiores concentrações de Hg não-reativo foram encontradas durante a maré vazante. Não foram observadas correlações significantes entre as concentrações de Hg não-reativo e carbono orgânico dissolvido ou particulado. Em geral, as frações de Hg particulado, Hg não-reativo e Hg reativo representam 55%, 35% e 9,5% do conteúdo total de Hg nas águas da Baía de Sepetiba, respectivamente.This work describes changes in Hg speciation in water along the transport from Sepetiba Bay, SE Brazil, to the adjacent continental platform during tide events and in different seasons. The chemical evaluation of Sepetiba Bay waters showed that the bay exports suspended particulate material (SPM) impoverish in organic carbon to adjacent continental platform areas, mainly during the wet season and imports SPM enriched in organic carbon from the ocean, probably of phytoplanktonic origin, during the dry season. The chemical speciation of Hg during the study period showed that Hg 0 production can be controlled by primary productivity and that the bay acts as a producer and exporter of organic species of Hg to adjacent areas, since the highest non-reactive Hg concentrations were observed during the ebb tide. No significant correlations were found between non-reactive Hg and dissolved or particulate organic matter concentrations. In general the particulate Hg, non-reactive Hg and reactive Hg fractions represents 55%, 35.5% and 9.5% of the total Hg content in Sepetiba Bay waters, respectively.Keywords: mercury speciation, coastal area, organic carbon, Sepetiba Bay IntroductionCoastal environments are complex and very dynamic systems showing a strong salinity gradient, high variation of suspended matter concentration and complex hydrodynamic processes. They act as links between the terrestrial and oceanic environments, present a large capacity to accumulate materials of continental and marine origin and are strongly affected by tidal events and continental hydrology. These environments are also characterized by land-sea gradients of physicochemical processes such as oxidation/reduction, sorption/desorption and precipitation/dissolution, which result in gradients of dissolved chemical species concentration, ionic force, pH and redox potential, which are responsible for the precipitation of the major part of ...

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Determination of mercury in seawater at sub-nanogram per liter levels

Cited by 537 publications

References 11 publications

The speciation and bioavailability of mercury in sediments of Haihe River, China

The speciation and bioavailability of mercury in sediments of Haihe River, China

In Situ Determination of Bacterial Growth in Mixing Zone of Hydrothermal Vent Field on the Hatoma Knoll, Southern Okinawa Trough

Mercury speciation changes in waters of the sepetiba Bay, SE Brazil during tidal events and different seasons

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