Determination of Maximum Wind Power Penetration in an Isolated Island System by Considering Spinning Reserve

Abstract

Abstract:The abundant wind resources in the Penghu area, where the capacity factor of wind turbines can reach 45%, have inspired authorities to build more wind turbines in a diesel-based power system. However, because the wind turbine output is unstable, high wind power penetration in the system may relatively affect the power quality (voltage and frequency) and reliability of the system. Previous studies have suggested that the optimal penetration level for wind power generation under the present dispatching criteria in Penghu is 26.3%. The present study suggests that the criteria for current unit scheduling should be modified; in particular, the spinning reserve (SR) capacity of the diesel engines should be increased without affecting the reliability and power quality of the power system. Such an increase could help avoid the construction of high-cost energy storage systems.

A combined probabilistic modeling of renewable generation and system load types to determine allowable DG penetration level in distribution networks

“…The maximum active power supplied by DGs without causing violations of system constraints has been determined by using repetitive power flow solutions in previous studies. [9][10][11][12] However, these methods are laborious and usually time-consuming, because different loading levels and DG operation modes, especially renewable sources, have to be evaluated. Ayres et al 13 presents an algorithm based on only one power flow solution and a numerical index of voltage sensitivities from a linearized power system model, which determines the maximum power of DG connected to each system bus without leading to steady-state voltage violations.…”

“…Several studies have been conducted to assess and adjust the DG penetration level in distribution networks. The maximum active power supplied by DGs without causing violations of system constraints has been determined by using repetitive power flow solutions in previous studies . However, these methods are laborious and usually time‐consuming, because different loading levels and DG operation modes, especially renewable sources, have to be evaluated.…”

Impact Evaluation of Wind Power Geographic Dispersion on Future Operating Reserve Needs

“…Wind farm reliability is a subject of interest to industry and academia [1][2][3][4]. The availability of wind as a resource alongside the reliability of wind turbine generators may significantly affect power system reliability [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. As a general concept, wind power diversification means that different wind farms can complement each other, leading to a smoother global power output [13][14][15][16].…”

Analysing Renewable Energy Source Impacts on Power System National Network Code

“…• the requirement for infrastructure reinforcements; • difficulties in balancing the production/consumption, requiring to shut down some priority sources (like hydro power plants) and the cross-border export that is not practically possible; • the necessity to disconnect the RESs on the occurrence of outages in the Romanian power system, until the implementation of reinforcements; • the necessity to establish a power reserve that can promptly balance the production/consumption, following the random operation of wind power plants and photovoltaic installations [9,10]; • informing the producers on the current necessity to procure the fast tertiary reserve, used for balancing the sudden variation of powers generated by wind power plants and photovoltaic installations.…”