Determination of Maximum Accumulated Oxygen Deficit Using Backward Extrapolation

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the Maximum Accumulated Oxygen Deficit determined by the conventional method (MAODC) with that determined by the backward extrapolation technique (MAODEXTR) in runners. Fourteen runners underwent a maximal incremental test for determination of iVO2MAX, ten submaximal efforts (50–95% of iVO2MAX for 7 min). During the submaximal efforts oxygen consumption (VO2) values were obtained conventionally and through the backward extrapolation technique (~ 3 s after the end of each effort). A supramaximal effort (110% of iVO2MAX) (tLimC) and five supramaximal bouts (tLimEXTR) were performed. MAODC and MAODEXTR were determined from the difference between the VO2 accumulated during tLimC and tLimEXTR and the predicted values. The tLimC was lower than tLimEXTR (164.06±36.32 s, 200.23±63.78 s, p<0.05). No significant differences were found between absolute and relative MAODC and MAODEXTR values, however, low intraclass correlations (0.26 and 0.24), high typical errors (2.03 L and 24 mL∙kg−1) were observed, and coefficients of variation (46 and 48%), respectively. The graphical analysis of the differences showed agreement and correlation between the methods (r=0.86 and 0.85). Thus, it can be concluded that the MAODEXTR is not a valid method for estimating the anaerobic capacity of runners, moreover, unreliable.

Anaerobic Contribution Determined in Free-Swimming: Sensitivity to Maturation Stages and Validity

“…For this, immediately after the effort, swimmers breathe in a face mask connected to the gas analyzer. Using this method, together with net lactate accumulation (Ana LA )—it is possible to determine anaerobic contribution in free swimming (AC FS ), as demonstrated previously (Campos et al, 2017a ; Andrade et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Finally, for the Ana ALA determination, 5 min of recovery was used. Bertuzzi et al ( 2016 ) have observed that a minimum of 6 min is required for Ana ALA evaluation; however, 5 min of recovery have been used in other studies (Kalva-Filho et al, 2015 ; Campos et al, 2017a ; Andrade et al, 2021 ), and the fast component happens in the 1st min of recovery. Moreover, studies could also use bi-exponential decay equation as proposed by Scheuermann et al ( 2011 )—since it does not assume that athletes will reach baseline values at the end of recovery—and compare Ana ALA using both Scheuermann et al ( 2011 ) and Ozyener et al ( 2001 ) equations.…”

Backward extrapolation technique: analysis of different criteria after supramaximal exercise in cycling

“…Recently, our laboratory published a study comparing supramaximal running efforts (110% of iV ̇O2MAX) using the traditional V ̇O2 collection (i.e. oronasal mask; restricted bouts) and with unimpeded efforts by the BE (de Andrade et al, 2020). The authors found a 16% improvement in time to exhaustion for BE group and pointed out due to the unrestricted access to ambient air and attenuated sensation of fatigue.…”

“…Due to its advantages, BE was applied in different modalities, including running (de Andrade et al, 2020), cycling (Sleivert and Mackinnon, 1991), swimming (Campos et al, 2017a;Campos et al, 2017b;Costill et al, 1985;Kalva-Filho et al, 2015a;Kalva-Filho et al, 2015b;Montpetit et al, 1981), kayaking (Carré et al, 1994), speed skating (Di Prampero et al, 1976), in female soccer This item was downloaded from IRIS Università di Bologna (https://cris.unibo.it/)…”

“…Other different criteria can be found in literature, including equations that considered the time lag for connecting the participant to the breathing valve (about three seconds) (Léger et al, 1980) and with a wide range of efforts and periods of analysis (Costill et al, 1985;Jürimäe et al, 2007;Sleivert and Mackinnon, 1991). The log transformation of V ̇O2 data is also commonly used (de Andrade et al, 2020;Kalva-Filho et al, 2015a;Kalva-Filho et al, 2015b;Léger et al, 1980;Rodríguez et al, 2017) in attempt to enhance the physiological response and avoid outliers or data collection error, however, there is no consensus about the advantage of this practice.…”