Determination of mass attenuation coefficients, effective atomic and electron numbers for some natural minerals

Radioactivity Control of Composite Materials Using Low Energy Photon Radiation

“…For materials composed of multi elements the total MAC-is the sum of the i values of each constituent element by the following mixture rule (Han, Demir et al 2009):…”

“…In such applications the concept of effective atomic numbers Z eff is introduced to describe the properties of these composite materials in terms of an equivalent element (Içelli, Erzeneoglu et al 2005). The Z eff is a convenient parameter for representing the attenuation of γ-rays in a complex medium and particularly in CM (Han, Demir et al 2009). Higher values (Z eff >20) correspond to inorganic compounds and metals, and lower values (Z eff < 10) correspond to organic substances.…”

Determination of effective atomic numbers and electron densities from mass attenuation coefficients for some selected complexes containing lanthanides

“…Many researchers or research groups determined the mass attenuation coefficients, effective atomic numbers and electron densities of composite materials like compounds, complexes, glasses, polymers and biological materials [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Some of those; El-Kateb and Abdul-Hamid [2] estimated that the mass attenuation coefficients, effective atomic numbers and electron densities in materials containing H, C, and O in the energy range 0.054-1.333 MeV using a 3X3 inch NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors.…”

The effect of external electric field on mass attenuation coefficients of some semiconductor

“…The mass attenuation coefficients for InSe semiconductor, which are holmium doped and undoped, have been measured at various energies (9). Mass attenuation coefficients and effective atomic numbers of various natural crystals have been calculated by Han et al (10) and among these crystals, quartz has been widely used in electronic devices. Tran et al (11) measured the X-ray mass attenuation coefficient of silicon.…”