Determination of malic acid and other C4 dicarboxylic acids in atmospheric aerosol samples

Röhrl, A.; Lammel, Gerhard

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(01)00243-0

Cited by 74 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…4c. Malic acid is a highly oxidized compound (O : C of 1.25), which may have many different sources (Röhrl and Lammel, 2002;van Pinxteren et al, 2014). The MO-OOA factor loading increased starting at 08:00 LT (sunrise was at 06:00 LT) and peaked between 10:00 and 16:00 LT.…”

Section: Characterization Of Organic Pm By Positive-matrix Factorizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban influence on the concentration and composition of submicron particulate matter in central Amazonia

Palm

Campuzano‐Jost

et al. 2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. An understanding of how anthropogenic emissions affect the concentrations and composition of airborne particulate matter (PM) is fundamental to quantifying the influence of human activities on climate and air quality. The central Amazon Basin, especially around the city of Manaus, Brazil, has experienced rapid changes in the past decades due to ongoing urbanization. Herein, changes in the concentration and composition of submicron PM due to pollution downwind of the Manaus metropolitan region are reported as part of the GoAmazon2014/5 experiment.A high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) and a suite of other gas-and particle-phase instruments were deployed at the "T3" research site, 70 km downwind of Manaus, during the wet season. At this site, organic components represented 79±7 % of the non-refractory PM 1 mass concentration on average, which was in the same range as several upwind sites. However, the organic PM 1 was considerably more oxidized at T3 compared to upwind measurements. Positive-matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to the time series of organic mass spectra collected at the Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. S. S. de Sá et al.: Urban influence on submicron PM in central AmazoniaT3 site, yielding three factors representing secondary processes (73 ± 15 % of total organic mass concentration) and three factors representing primary anthropogenic emissions (27 ± 15 %). Fuzzy c-means clustering (FCM) was applied to the afternoon time series of concentrations of NO y , ozone, total particle number, black carbon, and sulfate. Four clusters were identified and characterized by distinct air mass origins and particle compositions. Two clusters, Bkgd-1 and Bkgd-2, were associated with background conditions. Bkgd-1 appeared to represent near-field atmospheric PM production and oxidation of a day or less. Bkgd-2 appeared to represent material transported and oxidized for two or more days, often with out-of-basin contributions. Two other clusters, Pol-1 and Pol-2, represented the Manaus influence, one apparently associated with the northern region of Manaus and the other with the southern region of the city. A composite of the PMF and FCM analyses provided insights into the anthropogenic effects on PM concentration and composition. The increase in mass concentration of submicron PM ranged from 25 % to 200 % under polluted compared with background conditions, including contributions from both primary and secondary PM. Furthermore, a comparison of PMF factor loadings for different clusters suggested a shift in the pathways of PM production under polluted conditions. Nitrogen oxides may have played a critical role in these shifts. Increased concentrations of nitrogen oxides can shift pathways of PM production from HO 2 -dominant to NO-dominant as well as increase the concentrations of oxidants in the atmosphere. Consequently, the oxidation of biogenic and anthropogenic precursor gases as well as the oxidative processing of preexi...

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Section: Characterization Of Organic Pm By Positive-matrix Factorizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban influence on the concentration and composition of submicron particulate matter in central Amazonia

Palm

Campuzano‐Jost

et al. 2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…16,17 Carboxylic acids in atmospheric aerosols have been investigated in several studies. 5,8,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] The main natural emission sources are the biosynthesis of Size-Segregated Particulate Matter and Carboxylic Acids over Urban and Rural Sites in Londrina City, Brazil J. Braz. Chem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size-segregated particulate matter and carboxylic acids over urban and rural sites in Londrina City, Brazil

Freitas¹,

Martins

Solci³

2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Amostragens simultâneas de material particulado (PM) de 0,25 a 10 mm foram realizadas entre os meses de março e abril de 2007 em área urbana e rural de Londrina (Paraná). Os resultados indicaram que o material particulado fino (PM 2,5 ) representa uma significativa porção da massa de material particulado PM 10 (70 e 67% na área urbana e rural, respectivamente). Ácidos dicarboxílicos foram encontrados em maior concentração respondendo por 78% e 69% da massa de PM 2,5 na área urbana e rural, respectivamente, sendo que o oxalato e succinato foram os mais abundantes. A distribuição de massa do oxalato em área urbana apresentou picos dominantes em 0,25-0,5 µm. A razão de massa de acetato e formato indicou as emissões veiculares primarias como fonte dominante de ácidos carboxílicos em Londrina. Além disso, análises das trajetórias indicaram a ocorrência de transporte de poluentes do estado de São Paulo para a região de estudo.Samplings of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) from 0.25 to 10 µm were performed between the months of March and April 2007, simultaneously in urban and rural areas of Londrina City (Paraná State, Brazil). Results indicated that the fine fraction (PM 2.5 ) represents a significant portion of the PM 10 mass (70 and 67% in urban and rural areas, respectively). Dicarboxylic acids were found in larger concentration, contributing to the PM 2.5 fraction with 78% in urban and 69% in rural areas, being oxalate and succinate the most abundant species. Mass size distribution of oxalate in urban site was presented as the dominant mode, with peaks at 0.25-0.5 µm. Acetate-to-formate mass ratio indicated the primary vehicular emissions as dominant source of carboxylic acids in Londrina. Moreover, backward trajectories indicated the transport of pollutants from São Paulo State to Londrina region.Keywords: size-segregated particulate matter, carboxylic acids, PM 2.5 , urban and rural aerosols IntroductionThe occurrence and abundance of carboxylic acids in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) depend on meteorological conditions and characteristics of the ambient. The carboxylic acids represent a major fraction of the organic acids present in the atmospheric particulate matter. Among them, the oxalic acid has been the main species, followed by succinic and malonic acids. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Mono-and di-carboxylic acids are important groups of organic compounds identified in the atmospheric particles. 7,8 Formic and acetic acids, the dominant species of organic acids in tropospheric aqueous and gaseous phases, are also ubiquitous in aerosol particles. Oxalic acid has been detected as the major fraction of water-soluble organic compounds in urban, rural and even in remote areas. [3][4][5][6] Since carboxylic acids are highly water-soluble, they have the potential to modify the hygroscopic properties of atmospheric particles, including their ambient size and cloud condensation nuclei activity. 9,10 Weak organic acids could contribute ca. 40 and 60% to the free acidity in precipitation in urban and remote areas, respe...

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“…The response factors are plotted in Fig. 4 for a series of dicarboxylic acids with carbon chain lengths ranging from C 8 to C 13 . The linear regression of this plot enabled the determination of R F =42.3 for undecanedioic acid (C 11 -di).…”

Section: Quantification Of the Analytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to their low vapor pressure [6], dicarboxylic acids are predominantly present in the condensed phase, such as in rain, clouds or in aerosol particles [7][8][9][10]. They are ubiquitous in the atmosphere; measurements are reported from urban [11][12][13][14][15], continental background [16][17][18][19], remote marine [20][21][22][23][24] and polar aerosols [25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of higher carboxylic acids in snow samples using solid-phase extraction and LC/MS-TOF

2008

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The objective of this work was to develop a method to determine the concentrations of higher organic acids in snow samples. The target species are the homologous aliphatic α,ω-dicarboxylic acids from C 5 to C 13 , pinonic acid, pinic acid and phthalic acid. A preconcentration procedure utilizing solid phase extraction was developed and optimized using solutions of authentic standards. The influences of different parameters such as flow rate during extraction and the concentration of the eluent on the efficiency of the extraction procedure were investigated. The compounds of interest were separated by HPLC and detected by a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (qTOF-MS). The recovery rate (extraction efficiency) of the extraction procedure was found to vary between 41% for tridecanedioic acid and 102% for adipic acid. The limits of detection were determined for all compounds and were between 0.9 nmol/L (dodecanedioic acid) and 29.5 nmol/L (pinonic acid). An exception is pinic acid, for which a considerably higher detection limit of 103.9 nmol/L was calculated. Snow samples were collected in December 2006 and January 2007 at the Fee glacier (Switzerland) from locations at heights from 3056 to 3580 m asl and from different depths within the snow layer. In total, the analysis of 61 single snow samples was performed, and the following compounds could be quantified: homologous aliphatic α,ω-dicarboxylic acids with 5-12 carbon atoms and phthalic acid. Tridecanedioic acid, pinonic and pinic acid were identified in the samples but were not quantified due to their low concentrations. The three most abundant acids found in the molten snow samples were glutaric acid (C 5 -di; 3.90 nmol/L), adipic acid (C 6 -di; 3.35 nmol/L) and phthalic acid (Ph; 3.04 nmol/L).

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Determination of malic acid and other C4 dicarboxylic acids in atmospheric aerosol samples

Cited by 74 publications

References 15 publications

Urban influence on the concentration and composition of submicron particulate matter in central Amazonia

Urban influence on the concentration and composition of submicron particulate matter in central Amazonia

Size-segregated particulate matter and carboxylic acids over urban and rural sites in Londrina City, Brazil

Determination of higher carboxylic acids in snow samples using solid-phase extraction and LC/MS-TOF

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