Determination of major and trace elements in European bottled mineral water — Analytical methods

Birke, Manfred; Reimann, Clemens; Demetriades, Alecos; Rauch, Uwe; Lorenz, Hans; Harazim, Bodo; Glatte, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2010.05.005

Cited by 96 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…(Birke et al 2010;Varrica et al 2013). The reported average value of Sr in ground water and treated water samples could be attributed to the geogenic source of the water.…”

Section: Trace Elementsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Afterwards, the containers were rinsed several times with the water source to ensure sufficient flushing before collection. The method of collection was similar to those reported in previous studies (Reimann et al 2003;Barati et al 2010;and Birke et al 2010). All samples were stored in a refrigerator before transferred to other locations for analysis.…”

Section: Water Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exposure to trace and toxic elements often occurs through drinking water. Concentrations of major and trace elements (essential and toxic) in drinking water have been investigated in several previous studies (Avino et al 2011;Birke et al 2010;Da Silva et al 2000;Dinelli et al 2012;Lee et al 1999;Stetzenbach et al 1994). Studies have been carried out recently on drinking water quality in Riyadh, KSA (Al-Saleh and Al-Doush 1998;Hashem 1993;Khanfar 2010;Al Nouri et al 2014); however, only a limited range of parameters were investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To ensure this, worldwide standards for bottled drinking water have been set by different organizations; for example, the European Union (EU) (through the Drinking Water Directive), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) (Birke et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physicochemical properties and the concentration of anions, major and trace elements in groundwater, treated drinking water and bottled drinking water in Najran area, KSA

Brima

2014

Appl Water Sci

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“…(Birke et al 2010;Varrica et al 2013). The reported average value of Sr in ground water and treated water samples could be attributed to the geogenic source of the water.…”

Section: Trace Elementsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Water Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Physicochemical properties and the concentration of anions, major and trace elements in groundwater, treated drinking water and bottled drinking water in Najran area, KSA

Brima

2014

Appl Water Sci

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“…Though the idea was met with some scepticism to begin with, it was finally decided that it was worth testing, because it provided a cost-effective approach. The results of this project are presented in a geochemical atlas (Reimann and Birke, 2010), and in a special issue of the Journal of Geochemical Exploration , as well as in other publications (Birke et al, 2010b, Reimann et al, 2010aDe Vivo et al, 2010;Lima et al, 2010 -see below). Hellas is a country with a diverse geology and climate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Geochemical Atlas of European ground water with emphasis on Hellas

2016

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A first impression of the geochemistry and quality of European ground water was obtained by using bottled mineral water as a sampling medium. In total, 1785 bottled waters were purchased from supermarkets of forty European countries, representing 1247 wells/drill holes/springs at 884 locations. All bottled waters were analysed for 72 parameters at the laboratories of the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) in Germany. The European geochemical maps give a first impression of the natural variation in ground water at the continental scale. The majority of European bottled waters are classified as of Ca-HCO 3 type, because of the widespread carbonate lithologies, but there is considerable variation from Na-HCO 3 type related to granitic rocks to Na-Cl type associated with deep saline brines. Since, the dominating lithology in Hellas comprises limestone, dolomitic limestone, marble, and mafic-ultramafic rocks (ophiolites), the dominant major ions in Hellenic bottled waters are Ca The source aquifers of Hellenic bottled water are apparently continuously replenished by fresh water. Chromium, V and U are discussed, because of their importance in Hellenic ground water. In Europe, the former is clearly related to ophiolites, whereas V indicates the presence of recent volcanism and basaltic rocks, and U is associated with granitic intrusions and Bunter (central England) and Keuper (central Europe) sandstone of early and late Triassic, respectively. It can, therefore, be concluded that geology is one of the key factors influencing the observed element concentrations for a significant number of elements. ΠερίληψηΣτην Ευρώπη είναι κατεγραμμένες πάνω από 1.900 μάρκες εμφιαλωμένων «με-ταλλικών νερών», η προέλευση των οποίων είναι από υπόγειους υδροφορείς. Η αγορά των εμφιαλωμένων νερών αναπτύσσεται με γοργούς ρυθμούς ως η κύρια παροχή πόσιμου νερού για το γενικό πληθυσμό σε μεγάλα τμήματα της Ευρω-παϊκής ηπείρου. Συνεπώς, θεωρήθηκε ότι η ανάλυσή τους μπορεί να αποτελέσει μιά φθηνή δυνατότητα, πρώτης προσέγγισης, της χημικής σύστασης των υπόγει-ων υδάτων των Ευρωπαϊκών χωρών. Αναγκαία πληροφορήση που συμπληρώνει τα αποτελέσματα του Γεωχημικού Άτλαντα της Ευρώπης, ο οποίος περιλαμβάνει ίζη-μα ρέματος, πλημμυρικό ίζημα, έδαφος (επιφανείας & βάθους) και ποτάμιο νερό [http://www.gtk.fi/publ/foregsatlas/]. Για τη μελέτη αυτή αγοράσθηκαν 1.785 εμφι-αλωμένα νερά από όλες τις Ευρωπαϊκές χώρες, τα οποία αντιπροσωπεύουν 1.247 πηγάδια / πηγές / γεωτρήσεις από 884 θέσεις. Τα δείγματα των εμφιαλωμένων νερών αναλύθηκαν στο εργαστήριο του Ομοσπον-διακού Ινστιτούτου Γεωεπιστημών και Φυσικών Πόρων της Γερμανίας για 72 χημι-κά στοιχεία και παραμέτρους, ήτοι (i) με ICP-MS για Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Er, Eu, Fe, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Hg, Ho, I, K, La, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, Pb, Pr, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zn, Zr, (ii) με ICP-AES για Ba, Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Sr, P, Si, (iii) με IC για Br-, Cl-, F-, NO + , (v) πο-τενσιομετρικά το pH,...

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Atomic Spectroscopy in Food AnalysisUpdate based on the original article by Scott A. Baker and Nancy J. Miller‐Ihli,Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry, © 2000, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Baker¹,

Miller-Ihli²,

Fodor

et al. 2012

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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There are several reasons that can explain why food analysis is a topic of strong interest for a large number of institutes around the world. Consumer demands have increased toward healthier and safer food products produced in environment‐friendly conditions. Food manufacturers and food distribution companies have to improve their quality control (QC) of raw materials, manufacturing processes, and end‐products to provide safe, healthy, and high‐quality products at reasonable price. Evaluation of element (e.g. essential and toxic) contents is an important part of nutrition and health claims made on foods. The methods best suited to meet this task are atomic spectroscopic methods such as atomic absorption, atomic emission, and elemental mass spectrometry (MS). Methods commonly used in the generation of food composition data include flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP/AES), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS). FAAS and ICP/AES offer similar detection limits (DLs) (ng mL −1 levels), whereas GFAAS and ICP/MS can provide sub‐ng mL −1 detection capability. The choice of a method often depends on detection capability, but ease of use, speed of analysis, and cost must also be considered. ICP/AES, ICP/MS, and more recently GF/AAS offer the advantage of providing simultaneous multielement measurements, making them well suited for the analysis of large numbers of elements in food samples. If one or a few elements are to be determined, less expensive atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) methods might be more suitable. The most critical stage in the development of analytical methods is sample preparation. Samples can be prepared using numerous procedures, but the most useful for a wide range of analytes and sample matrices are based on wet ashing of the sample. In addition to total element determinations, speciation measurements are important to determine the exact chemical form of the element that is present in the sample. As important properties, such as the bioavailability of an element, are dependent on its chemical form (speciation), the development of reliable methods for identification and quantification of trace element species is critical. The most practical difficulty encountered in speciation is to preserve the integrity of the sample and the species of interest during sampling, storage, and sample preparation. Hyphenated techniques, such as the coupling of chromatographic separation and atomic spectroscopic detection, have proven useful for elemental speciation measurements.

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Determination of major and trace elements in European bottled mineral water — Analytical methods

Cited by 96 publications

References 21 publications

Physicochemical properties and the concentration of anions, major and trace elements in groundwater, treated drinking water and bottled drinking water in Najran area, KSA

Physicochemical properties and the concentration of anions, major and trace elements in groundwater, treated drinking water and bottled drinking water in Najran area, KSA

The Geochemical Atlas of European ground water with emphasis on Hellas

Atomic Spectroscopy in Food AnalysisUpdate based on the original article by Scott A. Baker and Nancy J. Miller‐Ihli,Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry, © 2000, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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