Determination of low levels of platinum group metals: new solutions

Кубракова, И. В.; Kudinova, T. F.; Kuz’min, N. M.; Ковалев, Игорь Александрович; Tsysin, G. I.; Zolotov, Yu. A.

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(96)00296-6

Cited by 36 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Due to the anionic nature of the gold (III)-chloro complex, the use of anionic exchangers (and also chelating resins) on the adsorption of this precious metal had been reported in the literature [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. In the present work, the adsorption and elution of gold (III) from hydrochloric acid solutions were investigated using the anionic exchange resin Lewatit MP-64.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the various separation/concentration steps, the use of liquid-liquid extraction, membrane technologies, carbon adsorption and ion exchange has been described [1][2][3][4][5]. In many cases, the adsorption of a solute in a solid support has the advantage over liquid-liquid extraction or even membrane technologies in that no mixing and settling requirements have to be fulfilled and organic phase loss through entrainment is eliminated, also the use of an intermediate step such as filtration is avoided.Due to the anionic nature of the gold (III)-chloro complex, the use of anionic exchangers (and also chelating resins) on the adsorption of this precious metal had been reported in the literature [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. In the present work, the adsorption and elution of gold (III) from hydrochloric acid solutions were investigated using the anionic exchange resin Lewatit MP-64.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Processing of residual gold (III) solutions via ion exchange

2005

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IntroductionWithin the context of gold extraction, the dissolution step of gold-bearing materials is carried out using two main aqueous media: cyanide or chloride solutions, and if the first used the leaching of gold from raw materials, the latter is useful to recover this precious metal from secondary materials and residues, i.e. anode slimes and jewelry scrap. Both dissolution media required both a complexant (cyanide or chloride) and an oxidant (air or nitric acid/chlorine) to achieve acceptable leaching rates and yields.In the particular case of chloride leaching and once gold is dissolved, the metal is presented in the solution as the gold (III)-chloro complex (AuCl4 -) with square planar structure.Very often, and prior to the ultimate gold recovery, a solution purification and/or concentration step is needed in order to produce a higher grade solution. Among the various separation/concentration steps, the use of liquid-liquid extraction, membrane technologies, carbon adsorption and ion exchange has been described [1][2][3][4][5]. In many cases, the adsorption of a solute in a solid support has the advantage over liquid-liquid extraction or even membrane technologies in that no mixing and settling requirements have to be fulfilled and organic phase loss through entrainment is eliminated, also the use of an intermediate step such as filtration is avoided.Due to the anionic nature of the gold (III)-chloro complex, the use of anionic exchangers (and also chelating resins) on the adsorption of this precious metal had been reported in the literature [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. In the present work, the adsorption and elution of gold (III) from hydrochloric acid solutions were investigated using the anionic exchange resin Lewatit MP-64. The influence of various parameters affecting the metals adsorption on the resin is studied and a kinetic study to explain the metal uptake is presented, whereas metal elution from the loaded resin is studied using acidic thiourea solutions. The final recovery from the eluates is accomplished by the use of an alkaline borohydride solution. ExperimentalThe ion exchange resin Lewatit MP-64 (Fluka) was used to adsorb gold (III) from hydrochloric acid solutions. Lewatit MP-64 is a macroporous medium-basic anion exchangecrosslinked polystyrene matrix resin containing tertiary and quaternary ammonium groups (Cl -form-free base). Prior to its use for gold adsorption, the resin was dry until constant weight. Aqueous Au(III) stock solution was prepared from solid HAuCl4 (Fluka), whereas working solutions were prepared by dilution. Other chemicals used in the present investigation were of AR grade.Batch adsorption (elution) experiments were carried out by mixing (750 min The processing of gold (III)-hydrochloric acid solutions by the anionic ion exchange Lewatit MP-64 resin has been investigated. The influence of several variables such as the temperature, the hydrochloric acid and metal concentrations in the aqueous solution and the variation of the amount of resin ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Processing of residual gold (III) solutions via ion exchange

2005

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“…Although this procedure proved to be very sensitive with an absolute LOD of 15 and 20 pg for Pt and Ir, respectively, it was handicapped by the laborsome dissolution and pre-concentration procedures. Polystyrene based sorbent with DETA (cross-linked polystyrene with diethilenetriammine groups)complex forming groups was also efficiently utilized for the pre-concentration of all six PGEs[52].…”

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confidence: 99%

Methods for the determination of platinum group elements originating from the abrasion of automotive catalytic converters

Bencs

Ravindra

Grieken

2003

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

179

102

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Anthropogenic emission of platinum group elements (PGEs) from the abrasion of automotive catalytic converters into the environment has significantly increased. However, the concentration level of these PGEs (i.e. Pd, Pt, Rh) is still very low in the nature. Accordingly, their determination and speciation in various environmental compartments appears to be a challenging task for analytical chemists. The present review gives an overview of the analytical procedures documented in this particular field of analytical chemistry with a distinctive emphasis on spectrochemical methodology, it being the most sensitive and robust for accomplishing the above analytical task.

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“…A common matrix for SPE sorbents for Au, Pd, and Pt is represented by styrene polymers, e.g. containing diethylenetriamine functional groups [] or α‐pyridyl amine oligomer []. By optimizing the length of oligomers, the sorbent becomes more selective to Au(III) ions independently of the presence of other PGM ions in solution.…”

Section: Sorbentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid‐phase extraction in the determination of gold, palladium, and platinum

Mladenova

Karadjova²,

Tsalev³

2012

J of Separation Science

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A simple classification of various sorbents and solid-phase extraction procedures used for preconcentration of trace levels of Au, Pd, and Pt from different sample types is proposed in this review article. The large variety of available sorbents/procedures has been organized according to expected mechanisms of sorption process (complex formation; ion exchange; adsorption; ion-imprinted or molecularly imprinted polymers); according to the kind of monomeric units of the polymer matrix as well as on the basis of the kind of functional group responsible for main performance characteristics (selectivity, capacity) of the sorbent. Advantages of chemically modified sorbents, sulfur-containing sorbent extractants, and ion-imprinted polymers, together with rational pretreatment by means of microwave treatments, scaling down of enrichment, and quantification by means of flow and flow injection approaches are given. Preferred instrumental techniques for quantification of ppb levels of Au, Pd, and Pt in prepared concentrates/column eluates are multielement instrumental techniques: inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). Excellent limits of detection at picogram levels of these analytes are provided by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS), generally in single-element mode and the neutron activation analysis (NAA), while X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and flame AAS are rarely applied because of lack of sensitivity at sub-ppm levels of Au, Pd, and Pt. Some problems of atomic spectrometric quantification techniques and their representative limits of detection are given. Recent applications to geological, industrial, pharmaceutical, biological, and other materials are tabulated. References have been selected mostly from the period 1995 to 2010.

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Determination of low levels of platinum group metals: new solutions

Cited by 36 publications

References 9 publications

Processing of residual gold (III) solutions via ion exchange

Processing of residual gold (III) solutions via ion exchange

Methods for the determination of platinum group elements originating from the abrasion of automotive catalytic converters

Solid‐phase extraction in the determination of gold, palladium, and platinum

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