Determination of long-tailed macaqueâ€™s (Macaca fascicularis) harvesting quotas based on demographic parameters

Santosa, Yanto; Kusmardiastuti, Kusmardiastuti; Kartono, Agus Priyono; Rahman, Dede Aulia

doi:10.13057/biodiv/d130205

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…So wherever exotic pets are primarily sourced from, it is prudent to address the effects of removal from the wild on the viability of source populations. However, determining a sustainable harvest rate is not simple; accurate local data concerning demographic parameters and external factors affecting exploited populations are required to calculate a meaningful rate (e.g., harvest quota for long-tailed macaques [Macaca fascicularis], in Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia [Santosa et al 2012]). There are further difficulties in the implementation of sustainable harvest; traders compromise quotas through ignorance of their existence and movement of animals through small informal markets is problematic for enforcement (Shepherd 2010).…”

Section: Conservation and Animal Welfarementioning

confidence: 99%

Global Trade in Exotic Pets 2006–2012

Bush

Baker

Macdonald

2014

Conservation Biology

381

253

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International trade in exotic pets is an important and increasing driver of biodiversity loss and often compromises the standards required for good animal welfare. We systematically reviewed the scientific and gray literature and used the United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) trade database to establish temporal and geographical trade patterns of live exotic birds, mammals, and reptiles and to describe trends in research, taxonomic representation, and level of threat and legal protection of species traded. Birds were the most species-rich and abundant class reported in trade; reptiles were second most abundant but unusually the most studied in this context; and mammals were least abundant in trade. Mammalian and reptilian species traded as pets were more likely to be threatened than expected by random. There have been a substantial number of Appendix I listed captive-bred mammals and birds and wild-caught birds and reptiles reported in trade to CITES. We identified the Middle East's emerging role as a driver of demand for exotic pets of all taxa alongside the well-established and increasing role of South America and Southeast Asia in the market. Europe, North America, and the Middle East featured most heavily in trade reports to CITES, whereas trade involving South America and Southeast Asia were given most emphasis in the literature. For effective monitoring of and appropriate response to the international exotic pet trade, it is imperative that the reliability and detail of CITES trade reports improve and that scientific research be directed toward those taxa and locations that are most vulnerable.

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Section: Conservation and Animal Welfarementioning

confidence: 99%

Global Trade in Exotic Pets 2006–2012

Bush

Baker

Macdonald

2014

Conservation Biology

381

253

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“…According to the time of reproductive debut and time of sexual maturity, macaques can be classified into infant, juvenile, subadult, adult, and geriatric stages. 22 , 23 To map the ocular changes in their lifespan, we acquired data from 341 crab-eating macaques with ages ranging from 0.5 to 23 years, covering all the postnatal stages of a macaque's lifecycle after weaning, as shown in Table 1 with respect to the age distribution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonhuman Primate Eyes Display Variable Growth and Aging Rates in Alignment With Human Eyes

Xue,

Cao,

Fan

et al. 2023

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Purpose To assess age-related biometric changes of the eye in nonhuman primates (NHPs), to and decipher the growth and aging rates and their comparability with humans. Methods Ocular anatomic measurements were performed on 341 macaca fascicularis aged 0.5 to 23 years via multimodal approaches including IOLMaster 700. Linear or polynomial regression models were simulated to determine the best fitted age-related function. The metrics were compared with human equivalents in published reports. Results Macaques exhibited a postnatal eye growth pattern similar to humans, characterized by continuous eye extension coordinated with dramatic reshaping of the lens but not the cornea. The age-related growth of lens thickness (LT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and axis length (AL) exhibited nonlinear and bipolar patterns. The inflection points were 10 to 12 years old for LT and ACD and 13 to 15 years old for AL in macaques, which were comparable in chronological age at a ratio of ∼1: ratio with that in humans. In contrast, the speed of aging, including the increase in lens density and the decrease in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, was comparable in relative age at a ratio of ∼1:3 according to the differences in lifespan between macaques and humans. Lens density was a robust indicator for the aging process. Conclusions Macaque eyes recapitulated the age-related process of human eyes to varying extents with different growth and aging rates. Chronological age or relative age should be considered in different scenarios when macaques are included in preclinical studies.

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“…Long-term data (2014-2018) from our study groups, whose natural habitat have been partly replaced by oil palm plantation already several decades ago, revealed infant mortality within the first year of life to be approximately 55%, with the highest rate (71%) observed in 2016 (N. Ruppert, unpublished data). This is unexpectedly high, considering that infant mortality in other macaque species ranges between 2.7 and 32% [73][74][75][76][77][78] . However, our data are not sufficient to prove whether infant survival is directly connected to the macaques' ability to cope with human-induced habitat modifications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil palm cultivation critically affects sociality in a threatened Malaysian primate

Holzner

Balasubramaniam

Weiß

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Human-induced habitat alterations globally threaten animal populations, often evoking complex behavioural responses in wildlife. This may be particularly dramatic when negatively affecting social behaviour, which fundamentally determines individual fitness and offspring survival in group-living animals. Here, we provide first evidence for significant behavioural modifications in sociality of southern pig-tailed macaques visiting Malaysian oil palm plantations in search of food despite elevated predation risk. Specifically, we found critical reductions of key positive social interactions but higher rates of aggression in the plantation interior compared to the plantation edge (i.e. plantation areas bordering the forest) and the forest. At the plantation edge, affiliation even increased compared to the forest, while central positions in the macaques' social network structure shifted from high-ranking adult females and immatures to low-ranking individuals. Further, plantations also affected mother–infant relationships, with macaque mothers being more protective in the open plantation environment. We suggest that although primates can temporarily persist in human-altered habitats, their ability to permanently adapt requires the presence of close-by forest and comes with a trade-off in sociality, potentially hampering individual fitness and infant survival. Studies like ours remain critical for understanding species’ adaptability to anthropogenic landscapes, which may ultimately contribute to facilitating their coexistence with humans and preserving biodiversity.

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Determination of long-tailed macaqueâ€™s (Macaca fascicularis) harvesting quotas based on demographic parameters

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Global Trade in Exotic Pets 2006–2012

Global Trade in Exotic Pets 2006–2012

Nonhuman Primate Eyes Display Variable Growth and Aging Rates in Alignment With Human Eyes

Oil palm cultivation critically affects sociality in a threatened Malaysian primate

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