Determination of long-lived actinides in soil leachates by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

Crain, Jeffrey S.; Smith, L.L.; Yaeger, J.S.; Alvarado, Jorge A.

doi:10.1007/bf02037619

Cited by 44 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Furthermore, isotope ratio measurements are of interest for tracer experiments by using the addition of highly enriched stable or unstable isotope spikes in studies of chemical reactions in biological and medical research, in metabolism studies and in the isotope dilution technique as a primary method for the determination of element concentrations at trace and ultratrace levels. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] In principle, all mass spectrometers can be used for isotope ratio measurements. In Table 1 the precision of direct mass spectrometric methods-where the sample material is evaporized and ionized simultaneously-and post-ionization methods-where the vaporization and ionization of sample materials are separated in space and time-are compared.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-art and progress in precise and accurate isotope ratio measurements by ICP-MS and LA-ICP-MS : Plenary Lecture

Becker

2002

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

147

123

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The capability to determine isotope abundances is a main feature of mass spectrometry. The precise and accurate determination of isotope ratios is required for different application fields, such as: isotope ratio measurements of stable isotopes in nature, especially for the investigation of isotope variation in nature or age dating; determining isotope ratios of radiogenic elements in the nuclear industry; quality assurance of fuel material for reprocessing plants, nuclear material accounting and radioactive waste control; and tracer experiments using highly enriched stable isotopes or long-lived radionuclides in biological or medical studies. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and laser ablation ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS) provides excellent sensitivity, precision and good accuracy for isotope ratio measurements with practically no restriction with respect to the ionization potential of the element investigated. Therefore both ICP-MS and LA-ICP-MS are increasingly replacing thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), which has been used as the dominant analytical technique for precise isotope ratio measurements for many decades. In the last few years instrumental progress for improving figures of merit in isotope ratio measurements in ICP-MS and LA-ICP-MS with a single ion detector has been achieved by the introduction of the collision cell interface, in order to dissociate disturbing argon-based molecular ions, to reduce the kinetic energy of ions and neutralize the disturbing argon ions of the plasma gas (Ar 1 ). The application of the collision cell in ICP-MS results in higher ion transmission, improved sensitivity and better precision of isotope ratio measurements compared to ICP-MS without the collision cell. The most important instrumental improvement for isotope analysis by sector field ICP-MS was the application of a multiple ion collector device (MC-ICP-MS) (developed about 10 years ago) in order to obtain better precision of isotope ratio measurements of up to 0.002%, RSD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-art and progress in precise and accurate isotope ratio measurements by ICP-MS and LA-ICP-MS : Plenary Lecture

Becker

2002

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

147

123

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“…The fission product 90 Sr is released into the environment primarily from leaks, nuclear bomb testing etc. 90 Sr has a high fission yield (∼6%), halflife of 29 years, high biological uptake and slow excretion thus making it difficult to use radiometric determination due to various disadvantages including interferences from the daughter product 90 Y. The procedure adopted takes time and the sample throughput is very low.…”

Section: Applications In Nuclear Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the long-term impact of long lived radionuclides (half-life >100 y) there is an on growing concern about the increasing contamination of the environment by artificial radionuclides. Therefore, best possible supervision of storage sites is possible if the analysis of the composition of waste containing radionuclides can be carried out with techniques that are highly sensitive and can handle large sample throughput [90].…”

Section: Applications In Nuclear Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these limitations have made it easy of ICP-MS to be considered as a universal and extremely sensitive analytical method for the isotope analysis of long-lived radionuclides. The other mass spectrometric techniques like resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS) [92][93][94][95] and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) [96][97][98] can be used for ultratrace and isotope analysis of different raidonuclides including the radiotoxic isotopes like 14 C, 41 Ca, 90 Sr, 99 Tc, 210 Pb, 236 U and Pu and these analysis have extensive applications in various fields like environment, cosmochemistry, radiodating, nutrition and biomedical research. Taylor et al [99] developed a rapid method determination of 90 Sr in natural water, plant and sediment samples using extraction chromatography and dynamic reaction cell ICP-MS.…”

Section: Applications In Nuclear Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mass Spectrometry: A Boon to Nuclear Industry

Ramkumar¹

2014

J Anal Bioanal Tech

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What is Mass Spectrometry?Mass spectrometry is analytical instrument which has been used for more than a century with its initial work on mass charge ratio being carried out by W. Wien, J.J. Thomson, and other physicists [1]. Mass Spectroscopy is an analytical laboratory technique to separate the components of a sample by their mass. The sample is vaporized into a gas and then ionized. The ions are then accelerated through a potential difference and focused into a beam. The ion beam passes through a magnetic field which bends the charged stream. Lighter components or components with more ionic charge will deflect in the field more than heavier or less charged components. A detector counts the number of ions at different deflections and the data can be plotted as a 'spectrum' of different masses. Therefore it is clear that mass spectrometer performs a simple measurement that of mass. The earlier work in the measurement of mass had led to the discovery of isotopes and it was in the 1930s that these measurements were correlated to the chemical structures and therefore were used extensively for biological applications for the characterization of natural products. Further progress in the field of mass spectrometry including isotopic labeling methods, hyphenated techniques and softer ionization methods made it an ideal tool for the analysis of macromolecules [2]. With the various fields that employ mass spectrometry growing in number, nuclear industry is also an important area wherein applications of mass spectrometry exist. Chronological Development in Mass spectrometryThe earliest mass spectrometry was in 1897 with the discovery of electrons made by J.J.Thomson. Around 1919, the observation studies of isotopes using mass spectrometry were carried out by F.W. Aston created a mass spectrometer in which ions were dispersed by mass and focused by velocity. This design improved the mass spectrometer resolving power by an order of magnitude compared to that achieved by AbstractMass spectrometry is a versatile technique that is used for the determination of elements at the trace and ultratrace level along with the isotope ratios. The accuracy in the quantification of isotope ratios of radionuclides is essential for environmental monitoring, migration studies, dating, determination of burn-up of fuel, nuclear material accounting and radioactive waste control. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is advantageous due to its outstanding sensitivity, precision and good accuracy for isotope ratio measurements and enhanced figures of merit for the determination of isotope ratio measurements. These advantages can be enhanced by various other variations of ICP-MS like the use of a multiple ion collector device (MC-ICP-MS). The review gives an idea of the various applications in the nuclear field and touches upon some of the important elements used in nuclear industry.

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“…More efficient sample introduction methods include ultrasonic nebulizers (USN) (Sumiya et al, 1994;Crain & Alvarado, 1994;Crain et al, 1995;Chiappini et al, 1996) and electrothermal vaporization units (ETV) Scott et al, 1991;Baxter et al, 1995;Bailey et al, 1993). Coupling of other sample definition techniques, such as ion chromatography (IC) (Barrero Moreno et al, 1997), have also been used for on-line chemical processing and speciation studies.…”

Section: Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (Icp-ms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of plutonium and other actinide elements at the center for accelerator mass spectrometry: a comparative assessments of competing techniques

Hamilton¹,

McAninch²

1999

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Determination of long-lived actinides in soil leachates by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

Cited by 44 publications

References 9 publications

State-of-the-art and progress in precise and accurate isotope ratio measurements by ICP-MS and LA-ICP-MS : Plenary Lecture

State-of-the-art and progress in precise and accurate isotope ratio measurements by ICP-MS and LA-ICP-MS : Plenary Lecture

Mass Spectrometry: A Boon to Nuclear Industry

Measurement of plutonium and other actinide elements at the center for accelerator mass spectrometry: a comparative assessments of competing techniques

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