Determination of long-chain alkylbenzenes in environmental samples by argentation thin-layer chromatography/high-resolution gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Eganhouse, Robert P.; Ruth, E.; Kaplan, I. R.

doi:10.1021/ac00263a028

Cited by 45 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The LABs have been found to be significant components of municipal wastes derived from sewage sludges (Takada & Ishiwatari 1987). They are persistent in the environment and are regarded as complimentary to the faecal sterols as wastespecific markers of urban or domestic sewage pollution (Eganhouse et al 1983b;Murray et al 1987).…”

Section: Long-chain Alkylbenzenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing human from animal faecal contamination in water: A review

Sinton¹,

Finlay²,

Hannah³

1998

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

156

125

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Management of faecal contamination of water would be improved if sources could be accurately identified through water analysis. Human faeces are generally perceived as constituting a greater human health risk than animal faeces, but reliable epidemiological evidence is lacking. United States waterborne disease data suggest that humanspecific enteric viruses account for over half the documented outbreaks. However, in New Zealand, where there is a high grazing animal:human ratio (increasing the relative importance of watertransmissible zoonoses), it seems prudent to assume that human and animal faecal pollution both constitute a risk to human health. Irrespective of the relative risks, the ability to identify sources would assist in overall management of microbial water quality. Faecal streptococci do not appear to provide reliable faecal source identification. Human and animal sources, respectively, maybe distinguishable by two tests on Bifidobacterium spp.-growth at 45°C in trypticase phytone yeast broth and sorbitol fermentation. Different species of Bacteroides tend to be present in humans and animals, but poor survival in water is a problem. Phages of the M97014

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Section: Long-chain Alkylbenzenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing human from animal faecal contamination in water: A review

Sinton¹,

Finlay²,

Hannah³

1998

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

156

125

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“…TABs are believed to have over 80 000 possible congeners that make up a complex suite of largely unresolved chromatographic peaks (13). TABs are believed to have over 80 000 possible congeners that make up a complex suite of largely unresolved chromatographic peaks (13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of Linear Alkylbenzenes by GC/MS with Interference from Tetrapropylene-Based Alkylbenzenes: Calculation of Quantitation Errors Using a Two-Component Model

Zeng

1995

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) and tetrapropylenebased alkylbenzenes (TABs) are often used as molecular tracers of domestic waste inputs. Due to the overlapping usage of LABs and TABs in the past, these compounds have been found to co-exist in environmental samples. They elute closely under normal gas chromatographic conditions and contain similar mass spectral ion fragments, which makes it difficult to separate contributions from LABs and TABs even by the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/ MS) method. This paper presents a two-component model that deals with the quantitation error (E) in measurements of LABs (or TABs) because of the interference from TABs (or LABs). By taking advantage of the GC/MS chromatographic characteristics of LABs and TABs, a simple equation derived from the model can calculate E with the knowledge of relative abundances of m/z 91 and m/z 119 in samples, LAB standards, and TAB standards. The model was applied to a sediment core collected from Santa Monica Bay near the Hyperion 7-mi sludge outfall. This model is also applicable to other similar twocomponent systems, as long as they satisfy the assumptions made under the present study.

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“…The LABs have been synthesized since the mid 1960s in the production of linear alkylbenzenesulfonates (LAS), the most widely used anionic surfactants. LABs are found as unsulfonated residues in detergents along with the LAS (34). Although it is believed the LABs do not represent an environmental threat (34), they degrade much more slowly than LAS (3) and accumulate in marine sediments (35).…”

Section: Linear Alkylbenzenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LABs are found as unsulfonated residues in detergents along with the LAS (34). Although it is believed the LABs do not represent an environmental threat (34), they degrade much more slowly than LAS (3) and accumulate in marine sediments (35). For this reason and owing to the fact that LABs are always present along with the alkylbenzene sulfonates in the common domestic and industrial detergents, they have been suggested as specific molecular markers of anthropogenic waste contamination (2,3,36,37).…”

Section: Linear Alkylbenzenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons, Linear Alkylbenzenes, and Highly Branched Isoprenoids in Molluscs of the Adriatic Sea, Italy

Serrazanetti¹,

Artusi²,

Pagnucco³

1997

ACS Symposium Series

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Aliphatic hydrocarbons and linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) were determined in four species of molluscs of the Central Adriatic Sea: two bivalves, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Solen vagina and two gastropods, Patella vulgata, Cassidaria echinophora. The concentrations of total aliphatic hydrocarbons determined in the mollusc samples were between 35.0 and 68.1 μg g -1 dry wt, and they may be considered within normal limits for areas reported to be mildly polluted. In P. vulgata and in C. echinophora over 70% and 50%, respectively, of the total aliphatic hydrocarbons are represented by highly branched isoprenoids (HBIs). In M. galloprovincialis 30% is made up of squalene. These hydrocarbons are usually considered of recent biogenic origin, and in particular HBIs found in P. vulgata support previous suggestions that these alkenes might be considered molecular markers of the presence of some diatom species. LAB concentrations are between 3.2 and 15.9 μg g -1 dry wt and show that all four mollusc species are contaminated by these molecular tracers of domestic wastes. Based on their composition, the LABs appear to have been recently discharged into the marine environment. The high concentration of external isomers indicates that LABs have not been biodegraded. This is probably due to the fact that the wastes were not treated or were only partially treated prior to reaching the sampling area.Oil pollution in some coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea is considered to be serious requiring specific studies on the sources, effects, and fate of fossil fuel compounds discharged in this environment (7). Research has been carried out to understand the origins of hydrocarbons. In particular, it is of interest to know whether the fossil hydrocarbons indicative of petroleum contamination are present along with recent biogenic hydrocarbons in order to understand what role these compounds 276

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Determination of long-chain alkylbenzenes in environmental samples by argentation thin-layer chromatography/high-resolution gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Abstract: 8) Schutjes, C. P. M.; Vermeer, E. A.; Rijks, J. A.: Cramers, C. A.

Cited by 45 publications

References 25 publications

Distinguishing human from animal faecal contamination in water: A review

Distinguishing human from animal faecal contamination in water: A review

Measurements of Linear Alkylbenzenes by GC/MS with Interference from Tetrapropylene-Based Alkylbenzenes: Calculation of Quantitation Errors Using a Two-Component Model

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons, Linear Alkylbenzenes, and Highly Branched Isoprenoids in Molluscs of the Adriatic Sea, Italy

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