Determination of log moisture content using early-time ground penetrating radar signal

Hans, Guillaume; Redman, David; Leblon, Brigitte; Nader, Joseph; Rocque, Armand La

doi:10.1080/17480272.2014.939714

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…In practice, log species are calibrated by relating trace amplitudes and shape to the measured moisture content on a set of test samples [1]. For this reason, the impacts of the cylindrical log shape and size will be reduced since they are effectively removed by the calibration process if there is a limited size range of logs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A rough estimate of the effect of this amplitude variability, based on aspen logs, is that a I % increase in amplitude would imply approximately a 1 % reduction in water content. The estimated error (RMSE) using early time amplitude to estimate moisture content has been shown to be � ±12% for aspen [1], so for log diameters of 15 cm or greater the impact is quite small.…”

Section: A Gpr Antennas On End Of Logmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The forest product industry needs these non-destructive, real time sensors to improve efficiency, reduce costs and improve process optimization through use both within the plant and the mill yard. These OPR sensors are showing good potential for this application and have been used to measure moisture content in wood logs [1] and timber [2] using both early time signal amplitude and travel time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of wood log shape on moisture content measurement using GPR

Redman¹,

Hans

Diamanti³

2014

Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar

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Non-destructive real time sensors such as GPR based instruments are being used within the forest products industry. GPR based sensors have been used to measure moisture content in cylindrical wood logs using both early time signal amplitude and total travel time. The physical size of the logs may be close to the antenna size and the wavelength and the GPR center frequency in some cases. It is important to have an understanding about the impact of log diameter on measurement accuracy and to know the log size limitations. We have used numerical modelling to estimate the errors that can occur. For measurements performed on the side of the log the, surface curvature results in variable gaps between the GPR antenna and the surface of the log. For measurements performed on the ends of the log, the presence of the cylindrical sides of the log close to the antennas also affect the propagation. The numerical modelling shows there are significant errors in early time amplitude and travel time for small log diameters that will affect the inferred moisture content.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Gpr Antennas On End Of Logmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of wood log shape on moisture content measurement using GPR

Redman¹,

Hans

Diamanti³

2014

Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar

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“…The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure water in wood (Lamason et al 2015) and woodplastic composites (Gnatowski et al 2015) is described. A Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) method to measure log moisture content is described (Hans et al 2015c). An electronic nose, based on a tin oxide semi-conductor thin film that can detect wood combustion products is introduced (Joseph et al 2015).…”

Section: Editorial Sensors In the Forest Products Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensors in the Forest Products Industry

Leblon

Stirling

2015

Wood Material Science & Engineering

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“…Recent methods are increasingly focusing on sensors using electromagnetic (EM) radiations of various wavelengths ( Brashaw et al 2009 ). For example, wood MC was recently successfully determined based on X-ray imaging ( Tanaka et al 2009 ;Wei et al 2011 ), near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy ( Karttunen et al 2008 ;Watanabe et al 2011 ;Hans et al 2013 ;Leblon et al 2013 ;Tsuchikawa and Schwanninger 2013 ), hyperspectral imaging ( Mora et al 2011 ; T ö rm ä nen and M ä kynen 2011 ; Kobori et al 2013 ;Haddadi et al 2014 ), NIR time-resolved spectroscopy ( D ' Andrea et al 2008( D ' Andrea et al , 2009, terahertz time domain spectroscopy ( Inagaki et al 2014 ), ground penetrating radar (GPR) ( Paz 2008( Paz , 2010Paz et al 2008 ;Rodr í guez-Abad et al 2010aHans et al 2014 ), microwave scanning ( Bucur 2003 ;Lundgren et al 2006 ;Schajer and Orhan 2006 ), and nuclear magnetic resonance ( Hartley et al 1994 ;Merela et al 2009 ;MacMillan et al 2011 ;Telkki et al 2013 ;Lamason et al 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Determination of log moisture content using ground penetrating radar (GPR). Part 1. Partial least squares (PLS) method

Hans

Redman²,

Leblon

et al. 2015

Holzforschung

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Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a handheld system showing good potential for the real-time and nondestructive characterization of wood moisture content (MC). However, measurements performed over logs can be challenging because of their curved surface that can affect the GPR signal. In this study, the MC of thawed and frozen logs was estimated for three species (quaking aspen, balsam poplar, and black spruce) using the full GPR signals and the partial least squares (PLS) regression method. The signal was acquired from the cross-section (CS) and through the bark (TB) of the logs with and without an aluminum plate placed under the log. The full GPR signal does not provide better log MC prediction accuracy for small logs compared with the early-time GPR signal. The information about the shape and diameter of the log is contained in the direct and reflected waves of the GPR signal. CS models provided more accurate log MC prediction (RMSE v = 7 -25%) than TB models (RMSE v = 6 -40%) for the hardwood species. Thawed and frozen log models showed similar performances. This study demonstrates that GPR in combination with PLS regression is suitable for predicting log MC in the field.

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Determination of log moisture content using early-time ground penetrating radar signal

Cited by 18 publications

References 70 publications

Effect of wood log shape on moisture content measurement using GPR

Effect of wood log shape on moisture content measurement using GPR

Sensors in the Forest Products Industry

Determination of log moisture content using ground penetrating radar (GPR). Part 1. Partial least squares (PLS) method

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