Determination of linuron and related compounds in soil by microwave-assisted solvent extraction and reversed-phase liquid chromatography with UV detection

Molins, C.; Hogendoorn, E.A.; Dijkman, Ellen; Heusinkveld, H. A. G.; Baumann, R. A.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(99)01000-6

Cited by 53 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Comparing the results presented in this study with those previously reported by Molins et al [31] and Sun and Lee [32] for the use of MAE for the extraction of urea and carbamate residues, respectively, from soils, the proposed methodology provides similar recoveries but, in addition, allows the two classes of pesticides to be extracted simultaneously. The selection of acetonitrile as the extraction solvent may also be considered as an improvement over the MAEbased method reported for the analysis of urea's residues in soils [31].…”

Section: Optimisation Of Solvent and Methods Validationsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…As has been pointed out by several authors [31], water plays an important role in MAE, as sample moisture can affect the recovery of target compounds. When analysing fresh vegetable samples, very high moisture contents, usually higher than 90%, are present.…”

Section: Influence Of Addition Of Anhydrous Sodium Sulphatementioning

confidence: 92%

“…The extraction time was selected as 10 min accordingly with previous related studies [31]. Recovery data obtained are shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Optimisation Of Solvent and Methods Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temperature and extraction solvent are also considered to be critical parameters to be controlled during MAE extraction [31]. Furthermore, some ureas and carbamates are thermolabile compounds and for this reason, temperatures higher than 80 o C are not recommended [32].…”

Section: Influence Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…MAE demonstrated to be cheaper, consuming less time and solvent than PLE while maintaining good performance characteristics, such as recovery or reproducibility [30]. To our knowledge, no study has been presented describing the use of MAE and LC-photodiode array detection (LC-PDA) for the simultaneous analysis of carbamate and urea pesticides in vegetables, although the application of MAE for the extraction of some phenylurea herbicides [31] and carbamate pesticides [32] from soil samples has already been proposed. Moreover, the simultaneous determination of carbamate and phenylurea pesticides in fruit juices, by LC-MS using SPME, has been described [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of carbamate and urea pesticide residues in fresh vegetables using microwave-assisted extraction and liquid chromatography

Paíga

Morais

Correia

et al. 2009

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry

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An analytical multiresidue method for the simultaneous determination of seven pesticides in fresh vegetable samples, namely, courgette (Cucurbita pepo), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), lettuce (Lactuca sativa, Romaine and Iceberg varieties) and peppers (Capsicum sp.) is described. The procedure, based on microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and analysis by liquid chromatographyphotodiode array (LC-PDA) detection was applied to four carbamates (carbofuran, carbaryl, chlorpropham and EPTC) and three urea pesticides (monolinuron, metobromuron and linuron). Extraction solvent and the addition of anhydrous sodium sulphate to fresh vegetable homogenate before MAE were the parameters optimised for each commodity. Recovery studies were performed using spiked samples in the range 250-403 mg kg -1 in each pesticide. The pesticide residues were extracted using 20 mL acetonitrile at 60 o C, for 10 min. Acceptable recoveries and RSDs were attained (overall average recovery of 77.2% and RSDs are lower than 11%). Detection limits ranged between 5.8 mg kg -1 for carbaryl to 12.3 mg kg -1 for carbofuran. The analytical protocol was applied for quality control of 41 fresh vegetable samples bought in Oporto Metropolitan Area (North Portugal). None of the samples contained any detectable amounts of the studied compounds.

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Section: Optimisation Of Solvent and Methods Validationsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Influence Of Addition Of Anhydrous Sodium Sulphatementioning

confidence: 92%

“…The extraction time was selected as 10 min accordingly with previous related studies [31]. Recovery data obtained are shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Optimisation Of Solvent and Methods Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Influence Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of carbamate and urea pesticide residues in fresh vegetables using microwave-assisted extraction and liquid chromatography

Paíga

Morais

Correia

et al. 2009

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry

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Chromatography,HPLC

Cserh��ti¹,

Forg��cs²

2002

Encyclopedia of Agrochemicals

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The newest achievements in the application of adsorption and reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) used for the separation and quantitative determination of various pesticides is discussed in detail. A short overview of the basic principles of the technique is given, and the main theoretical equations employed for the characterization of retention processes and the quality of separation are presented. Instrumentation and troubleshooting are outlined to the extent to give a working knowledge for the solution of practical separation problems for the analysts. The sample preparation strategies such as liquid–liquid, supercritical fluid, solid‐phase and solid‐phase microextraction suitable for the enrichment, and prepurification of pesticides in complicated matrices are surveyed. The techniques employed for the measurement of pesticides classes such as organochlorine, organophosphorous, carbamate, urea, triazine, phenoxyalkyl acid, and pyrethroid pesticides are compiled and critically evaluated. The newest and the most adequate methods are described in detail, whereas the previous HPLC procedures are shortly referred.

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