Determination of linear and nonlinear mechanical properties of diamond by laser-based surface acoustic waves

Hess, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.diamond.2008.10.005

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The nonlinear SAW technique using ultrasonic shock pulses offers new possibilities here, when large diamond samples with welldefined crystallographic configuration become available. 110 The disparity between ideal values and real bulk properties can be reduced only by gradually improving the impurity level and defect structure of the whole material. Important new insights into the role played by different impurities, defects, and morphologies will be gained by the development of novel precise techniques for the analysis of microscopic and nanoscopic samples with smaller and smaller probed regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most studies, the assumption is made that the material is elastically isotropic, reducing the number of independent elastic properties to only two, i.e., the Young's modulus and the Poisson ratio. Of course, the CVD process allows the deposition of highly oriented structures with texture axes along the [100], [110], and [111] directions. The corresponding values of the Young's moduli and Poisson ratios of fiber-textured CVD diamond deposits have been estimated from the set of elastic constants.…”

Section: Microcrystalline Diamond Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3)). Diamond's weakest cleavage plane is the octahedral f111g plane, but cleavage may occur also on other planes, such as (110) and (221). 3 Consequently, the exceptional mechanical (and other) macroscopic properties are due to the high density of carbon atoms, which are connected in three dimensions by strong chemical bonds.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The mechanical properties of various chemical vapor deposition diamond structures compared to the ideal single crystal

Hess

2012

Journal of Applied Physics

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111

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Bias-enhanced nucleation and growth processes for improving the electron field emission properties of diamond films J. Appl. Phys. 111, 053701 (2012) Direct visualization and characterization of chemical bonding and phase composition of grain boundaries in polycrystalline diamond films by transmission electron microscopy and high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 201907 (2011) Impurity impact ionization avalanche in p-type diamond Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 202105 (2011) Ultrathin ultrananocrystalline diamond film synthesis by direct current plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition J. Appl. Phys. 110, 084305 (2011) Diamond nanoparticles with more surface functional groups obtained using carbon nanotubes as sourcesThe structural and electronic properties of the diamond lattice, leading to its outstanding mechanical properties, are discussed. These include the highest elastic moduli and fracture strength of any known material. Its extreme hardness is strongly connected with the extreme shear modulus, which even exceeds the large bulk modulus, revealing that diamond is more resistant to shear deformation than to volume changes. These unique features protect the ideal diamond lattice also against mechanical failure and fracture. Besides fast heat conduction, the fast vibrational movement of carbon atoms results in an extreme speed of sound and propagation of crack tips with comparable velocity. The ideal mechanical properties are compared with those of real diamond films, plates, and crystals, such as ultrananocrystalline (UNC), nanocrystalline, microcrystalline, and homo-and heteroepitaxial single-crystal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond, produced by metastable synthesis using CVD. Ultrasonic methods have played and continue to play a dominant role in the determination of the linear elastic properties, such as elastic moduli of crystals or the Young's modulus of thin films with substantially varying impurity levels and morphologies. A surprising result of these extensive measurements is that even UNC diamond may approach the extreme Young's modulus of singlecrystal diamond under optimized deposition conditions. The physical reasons for why the stiffness often deviates by no more than a factor of two from the ideal value are discussed, keeping in mind the large variety of diamond materials grown by various deposition conditions. Diamond is also known for its extreme hardness and fracture strength, despite its brittle nature. However, even for the best natural and synthetic diamond crystals, the measured critical fracture stress is one to two orders of magnitude smaller than the ideal value obtained by ab initio calculations for the ideal cubic lattice. Currently, fracture is studied mainly by indentation or mechanical breaking of freestanding films, e.g., by bending or bursting. It is very difficult to study the fracture mechanism, discriminating between tensile, shear, and tearing stress components (mode I-III fracture) with these partly semiquantitative methods. A nov...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microcrystalline Diamond Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The mechanical properties of various chemical vapor deposition diamond structures compared to the ideal single crystal

Hess

2012

Journal of Applied Physics

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111

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“…As in the case of laser-induced surface acoustic wave studies, refinement of the ultrasound geometry with respect to phonon focusing and the tracking of linear and nonlinear physical parameters of materials shall be developed in the future. 31,32…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-resolved x-ray diffraction study of laser-induced shock and acoustic waves in single crystalline silicon

Liss

d’Almeida

Kaiser

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Physics

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A rod of single crystalline silicon has been subjected to high-power nanosecond laser pulses inducing ultrasonic and shock waves traveling into the bulk of the material. Stroboscopic time-resolved high-energy x-ray diffraction measurements were carried out in situ to probe for strain states in the bulk of the sample. First, a supersonic shock front is observed which moves faster than the longitudinal acoustic phonons. Following the shock front, a much slower bunch of waves travels along the crystal. The x-ray diffraction records obtained in different configurations reflect a strong dependence of the wave propagation on the sample geometry. These results offer an experimental approach for the investigation of coherent phonons, structural phase transformations, plastic deformations induced during shock peening, and for the development of x-ray free-electron-laser optics.

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“…9 the strength values measured for macroscopic, mesoscopic and nanoscopic silicon systems are compared with ab initio theory of an ideal silicon crystal. It is interesting to note that for silicon the difference between the highest measured and ideal strength is only a factor of two, while it is 1-2 orders of magnitude for diamond (Hess, 2009 (Heidelberg et al, 2006). These findings point to changes in the fracture behaviour at the nano-scale, which seem to be connected with the increasing surface/volume ratio and a smaller influence of defects.…”

Section: Fracture Behaviour Of Silicon In Mesoscopic and Nanoscopic Smentioning

confidence: 63%

Determination of linear and nonlinear mechanical properties of diamond by laser-based surface acoustic waves

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

The mechanical properties of various chemical vapor deposition diamond structures compared to the ideal single crystal

The mechanical properties of various chemical vapor deposition diamond structures compared to the ideal single crystal

Time-resolved x-ray diffraction study of laser-induced shock and acoustic waves in single crystalline silicon

Laser-based Determination of Decohesion and Fracture Strength of Interfaces and Solids by Nonlinear Stress Pulses

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