Determination of Lifting Abilities: A Comparative Study of Four Techniques

Khalil, Tarek M.; Waly, Sherif M.; Genaidy, Ash; Asfour, Shihab

doi:10.1202/0002-8894(1987)048<0951:dolaac>2.0.co;2

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“…These data can thus be compared to guidelines 64 65 to establish whether pushing, pulling, and lifting can be defined as specific occupational demands. Although the guidelines on lifting, pushing, and pulling [70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78] are formulated in terms of intensity (the maximal weight or force) only, they do consider duration and frequency of lifting, pushing, and pulling activities and some specific work factors. For example, hand height and walking distance concerning pushing, pulling, or lifting, are work factors that are considered in these guidelines.…”

Section: Search 1: Definition Of Specific Occupational Demandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Definition and assessment of specific occupational demands concerning lifting, pushing, and pulling based on a systematic literature search: Table 1

Bos

Kuijer²,

Frings‐Dresen³

2002

Occup Environ Med

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Aims: (1) To find a universal strategy for the identification of specific demands of a job or task, focusing on occupations in which there may be an increased risk for health complaints owing to these specific demands. (2) To select reliable and valid tests concerning lifting, pushing, and pulling, which consider the relation between occupational work demands and the assessment of the maximally acceptable load on an individual level. Methods: Literature search was performed using Medline (1988 to May 2001, Embase (1966 to May 2001), and NIOSHTIC (1971. Results: No universal strategy was found for the definition of specific occupational demands. Therefore a "three step strategy" was formulated for defining specific occupational demands in a job or a task in order to prevent health complaints on an individual level. Many tests were found in the literature concerning lifting, but only a few concerning pushing and pulling. None of the tests concerning pushing, pulling, or lifting considered the relation between work demands and the assessment of the maximally acceptable load on an individual level. Furthermore, none of the tests met the criteria of reliability and prognostic value for musculoskeletal complaints completely. Only for the prognostic value of relative strength capacity tests concerning pushing pulling and lifting, did there appear to be limited proof for the development of musculoskeletal complaints. Conclusions: In general, for the prevention of work related health complaints, it can be suggested that more attention should be paid to: (1) the definition of specific occupational demands; (2) the assessment of specific occupational demands; and (3) the quality of tests for specific occupational demands. D espite the development of modern technology, extensive automation, mechanisation, and work related interventions, many occupations still require manual material handling activities (MMH) such as pushing, pulling, and lifting. Pushing, pulling, and lifting pose physical stresses to the individual. These are manifested as strains on the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems. If the strain causes physical overload, it may result in the development of discomfort, fatigue, or musculoskeletal injuries or disorders. Several studies have reported pushing, pulling, and lifting as risk factors of back, neck, and shoulder complaints. [1][2][3][4][5][6] It is generally believed that the prevention of health complaints necessitates focus on specific risk factors of the job and implementation of preventive measures, such as engineering modifications (for example, workstations) or changes in the organisation of the work (for example, work/rest schedules or job rotation). However, despite existing preventive measures and the general knowledge of pushing, pulling, or lifting as risk factors, a universal strategy for the identification of specific demands of the job or task is needed for prevention of health complaints at the individual level. In summary, these specific occupational demands can be defined as work d...

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