Determination of Levofloxacin in a Pharmaceutical Injectable Formulation by Using HPLC and UV Spectrophotometric Methods

Hurtado, Felipe K.; Nogueira, Daniele Rubert; Bortolini, Fernanda; Silva, Lucélia Magalhães da; Zimmermann, E.; Souza, Marinês Jost e; Melo, Janine de; Rolim, Clarice Madalena Bueno

doi:10.1080/10826070701386629

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm i.d., particle size 4 mm) was utilized for determination of Levofloxacin under isocratic elution using a mobile phase containing water: acetonitrile: phosphoric acid 0.025 M, pH adjusted to 3.0 with trimethylamine in the ratio (60:20:20, v/v/v), at ambient temperature and at a flow rate 1.0 mL/min. The UV detection was at 294 nm and UV Vis spectrophotometer at 292 nm [61] .…”

Section: Chromatographic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical methods for the determination of certain antibiotics used in critically ill patients

Ibrahim

El-Adl

Baraka

et al. 2020

J Pharm Biopharm Res

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Section: Chromatographic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical methods for the determination of certain antibiotics used in critically ill patients

Ibrahim

El-Adl

Baraka

et al. 2020

J Pharm Biopharm Res

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“…UV/Vis spectrophotometry was used to analyze drug release in vitro. [25] A Shimadzu UV-2550 recording double-beam, low stray light UV/Vis spectrophotometer with a data processing system UV probe was used. Plasma samples were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).…”

Section: Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mixture was refluxed until completion (~5 h). [13,24,25] After the reaction finished, toluene was removed in vacuo. The product was dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2 and filtrated, and the filtrate was then precipitated by addition of Et 2 O to give mPEG-SA as a white solid.…”

Section: Experimental Section Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reprecipitated twice from CH 2 Cl 2 /Et 2 O gave pure mPEG-SA (purity verified by TLC; BuOH/AcOH/H 2 O (4:1:1) and I 2) . [25][26][27] The acid groups were quantified by titration against standardized aq NaOH (0. mPEG-succinyl-AZT (mPEG-AZT): AZT (0.267 g, 1 mmol) was dissolved in dry CH 2 Cl 2 (10 mL) and treated dropwise with a solution of mPEG-SA (2.1 g, 1 mmol), DCC (0.466 g, 2 mmol) and DMAP (0.030 g, 0.25 mmol) in dry CH 2 Cl 2 (10 mL), and the reaction was stirred for 24 h at RT. [24] The dicyclohexylurea (DCU) precipitate was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo.…”

Section: Experimental Section Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis, In Vitro and In Vivo Release Kinetics, and Anti‐HIV Activity of A Sustained‐Release Prodrug (mPEG‐AZT) of 3′‐Azido‐3′‐deoxythymidine (AZT, Zidovudine)

Chang

Zhan

et al. 2010

ChemMedChem

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A poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) conjugate of 3'-azido-3'- deoxythymidine (AZT, zidovudine) was designed and synthesized as a novel sustained-release prodrug. In the synthetic process, a succinate diester spacer was used to covalently couple AZT with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG; MW=2000). The conjugate was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and NMR spectroscopies and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). The in vitro release was determined in hydrochloride (HCl) solution (pH 1.2) and phosphate-buffered solution (PBS; pH 6.8), which showed the release rate of AZT from the conjugate was slower than that from the free drug, suggesting its possible increased retention in gastrointestinal conditions. Pharmacokinetic properties were evaluated experimentally by oral administration in mice. Compared to free AZT, the absorption half-life (t1/2ka) and elimination half life (t1/2ß) of AZT released from the conjugate were both extended to 0.51±0.03 h (p <0.01) and 2.94±0.24 h (p <0.01), respectively. Evaluation of the in vitro anti-HIV activities showed mPEG-AZT exhibited good inhibition of HIV-1, with an EC(50) value of 0.0634 μM, but it is lower than that of free AZT. These results show that the conjugate is capable of releasing the parent drug in a sustained profile, potentially providing a feasible alternative to oral administration of AZT in a clinical setting.

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“…The few reported methods for the determination of LVX are spectrophotometry , CE with ECL detection , cyclic and square‐wave voltammetry and HPLC with UV detection . Ocana et al reported a flow‐injection chemiluminescence assay for the determination of LVX.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold nanoparticles‐based fluorescence enhancement of the terbium–levofloxacin system and its application in pharmaceutical preparations

et al. 2011

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A sensitive fluorescence (FL) technique is proposed for the determination of levofloxacin (LVX). The method is based on the fact that the weak FL signal of the Tb(III)-LVX system is strongly enhanced in the presence of gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles were prepared by the citrate reduction of HAuCl(4) and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Levofloxacin and Tb(III) ion form a fluorescence complex in aqueous solution, and its maximum emission wavelength was found at 545 nm. Optimal conditions for the formation of the levofloxacin-Tb(III) complexes were studied. Levofloxacin was detected by measuring the FL intensity, which increases linearly with the concentration of LVX in the range 6.2 × 10(-10)-2.6 × 10(-8) mol/L. Recovery of the target analytes was > 96% with good quality parameters: linearity (r(2) > 0.996), limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values 2.1 × 10(-10) mol/L and 7.2 × 10(-10) mol/L, and run-to-run and day-to-day precisions with relative standard deviations (RSDs) around 3%. Thus, the proposed method can be successfully applied to the routine determination of levofloxacin in pharmaceutical preparations.

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Determination of Levofloxacin in a Pharmaceutical Injectable Formulation by Using HPLC and UV Spectrophotometric Methods

Cited by 14 publications

References 3 publications

Analytical methods for the determination of certain antibiotics used in critically ill patients

Analytical methods for the determination of certain antibiotics used in critically ill patients

Synthesis, In Vitro and In Vivo Release Kinetics, and Anti‐HIV Activity of A Sustained‐Release Prodrug (mPEG‐AZT) of 3′‐Azido‐3′‐deoxythymidine (AZT, Zidovudine)

Gold nanoparticles‐based fluorescence enhancement of the terbium–levofloxacin system and its application in pharmaceutical preparations

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