Determination of left ventricular volumes by Simpson's rule in infants and children with congenital heart disease.

Abstract

SUMMARY Regression equations were developed from left ventricular casts of known volumes to calculate left ventricular volumes from biplane cineangiography obtained in non-standard views. Volumes were calculated by Simpson's rule from casts of postmortem specimens from patients with congenital heart disease. The casts were divided into two groups: those that came from patients with abnormal right ventricular haemodynamic function (group 1, n = 11) and those that came from patients in which it was normal (group 2, n = 9). Biplane cinegrams were taken in conventional (anteroposterior/lateral, right anterior oblique/left anterior oblique) and nonconventional (long axis oblique, hepatoclavicular, and sitting up) projections. The true volume of each cast was determined from its weight and specific gravity. Correlations between measured and true volumes (r = 0-96 to 099) were excellent in all projections, although each projection overestimated the true volumes (slope = 0 72 to 0 94). The regression equations obtained from conventional views were significantly different from those from the non-conventional views; however, the regression slopes in group 1 were not different from those in group 2 in any view.Regression equations obtained by Simpson's rule do not seem to be affected by the haemodynamic state of the right ventricle. Different regression equations are required to measure left ventricular volumes from non-conventional angiograms.In angiographic measurement ofthe left ventricle the area-length method described by Dodge and colleagues has become popular.' This method was derived from the assumption that the left ventricular cavity could be represented as a three-dimensional ellipsoid of revolution. In complex congenital heart disease, however, the left ventricle is not usually elliptical and it is affected by right ventricular haemodynamic function. Data from our laboratory question whether the area-length method can be applied to the non-elliptical left ventricle.2Simpson's rule seemed to be independent of the Patients and methodsWe studied casts of the left ventricles of 20 hearts of children and infants who died of congenital heart disease. All clinical data and data on haemodynamic function were reviewed. There were four hearts with endocardial fibroelastosis; three with atrial septal defect; three with tetralogy of Fallot; two with complete transposition of great arteries with intact 182

A monolithic 3D‐0D coupled closed‐loop model of the heart and the vascular system: Experiment‐based parameter estimation for patient‐specific cardiac mechanics

“…We consider further a set of m p discrete left ventricular pressure measurements stemming from an 8‐electrode conductance catheter equally distributed over 1 cardiac cycle with a sample rate of 0.01 s, stored in the vector Additionally, measurements of end‐diastolic and end‐systolic arterial pressure and are available. Data on left ventricular stroke volume, , were gained from CT volumetry analyses performed following a protocol described in the work of Ino et al at the Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology in Ulm, Germany. Furthermore, we consider the initial reference volume of the left ventricle, , as measurement and store both volume quantities in the vector All motion CT imaging data as well as pressure and volume measurements were gained in a porcine animal model.…”

“…Additionally, measurements of end-diastolic and end-systolic arterial pressurep sys ar,ED andp sys ar,ES are available. Data on left ventricular stroke volume,Ṽ v,S , were gained from CT volumetry analyses performed following a protocol described in the work of Ino et al 42 at the Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology in Ulm, Germany. Furthermore, we consider the initial reference volume of the left ventricle, V v (t 0 ), as measurement and store both volume quantities in the vector…”

Clinical and echocardiography predictors of response to inhaled nitric oxide in hypoxic preterm neonates

“…Impaired RV performance was defined as moderate to severe if FAC < 25%. LV systolic performance was assessed using the ejection fraction (EF) as measured by biplane Simpson's method from the apical 4 and 2 chamber views to minimise the impact of geometric assumptions . Moderate to severely impaired LV systolic performance was defined as EF < 40%.…”

“…LV systolic performance was assessed using the ejection fraction (EF) as measured by biplane Simpson's method from the apical 4 and 2 chamber views to minimise the impact of geometric assumptions. 17 Moderate to severely impaired LV systolic performance was defined as EF < 40%. Assessment of haemodynamics included measurement of right (RVO) and left ventricular output (LVO) (Table S1, Supporting Information).…”

Angiographic Determination of Left and Right Ventricular Volumes and Left Ventricular Mass in Normal Infants and Children.

“…In such cases it is not adequate to apply the area-length method to measurement of LV volume. Ino et al (1989) reported that the Simpson's rule method was more accurate than the area-length method, because the Simpson's rule method was less dependent on the geometry of the ventricle. To the best of our knowledge, no normative value of LV volume calculated by the Simpson's rule method have been documented in the pediatric population.…”