Determination of Lactose in Milk by Raman Spectroscopy

Abstract

A Raman spectroscopy-based approach was developed for the rapid determination of lactose in milk using crystal violet as an internal standard. The crystal violet peak at 1173 reciprocal centimeters did not interfere with the lactose peak at 1085 reciprocal centimeters; therefore, crystal violet can be used to quantify lactose in milk. This developed method allowed the determination of lactose from 0.028-0.1 mole per liter, with a limit of detection of 0.019 mole per liter. The results revealed that Raman spectroscopy is a simple and rapid method for the determination of lactose in milk.

A simple and fast method for discrimination of phage and antibiotic contaminants in raw milk by using Raman spectroscopy

“…The bands located at 813, 875, 1064, 1126 and 1439 cm -1 are similar to that of raw milk spectra which were given in a previous study (Khan et al 2014). According to previous reports about Raman spectra of lactose, it is thought that four peaks observed at 875, 946, 1010 and 1125 cm -1 could indicate the presence of lactose found in milk (Li et al 2015).…”

The feasibility of Raman spectroscopy for accurate assessment of essential criteria in pharmaceutical industry by investigation of Metformin hydrochloride tableting process

“…The Raman spectra of Metformin hydrochloride and Lactose monohydrate and the related characteristics bands are shown in Figure S2. Metformin hydrochloride has a strong spectral line at 740 cm À1 , which is related to wagging vibrational mode of N-H bond, and also, a spectral line of Lactose monohydrate at 1093 cm À1 indicates strong Raman intensity that relates to stretching vibration of the bridge C-O-C group 20,32,[36][37][38][39][40] (Figure S2). Also, the intensity of peak at 1093 cm À1 is sensitive to the concentration of Lactose.…”

Raman spectroscopy in the quality analysis of dairy products: A literature review

“…This being the main carbohydrate found in milk, products with a low content of this component are important for people who suffer from lactose intolerance. In a study by Li and coworkers, [ 18 ] lactose in milk was quantified using Raman spectroscopy; the method was developed with a detection limit of 0.019 mol L −1 using crystal violet as an internal standard, and the analyses were performed with a 785‐nm laser as excitation source. In the lactose spectrum, five main bands were observed at 869, 940, 1015, 1085, and 1121 cm −1 .…”