Determination of Intrapenial Blood Volume Using^99mTc-Labeled Autologous Red Blood Cells

Use of radioactive tracers in the evaluation of penile hemodynamics: history, methodology and measurements

“…In a second publication by Schwartz et al, 22 the parameter which correlated best with an angiographic scoring of arterial disease was the change in penile blood volume from 1 min before to 1 min after time of peak in¯ow (r 0.96), which the authors felt re¯ected the ability to maintain in¯ow rates during the peak phase of tumescence. It is interesting to note that this measure is conceptually similar to that published by Shirai et al 14 15 years earlier, although the methods of stimulation and measurement are improved.…”

“…It is also possible to generate absolute volume measurements by comparison to an appropriate standard, such as a measured aliquot of venous blood. 14,16 As a further option, our group has recently introduced use of a well-type scintillation crystal to measure penile activity ( Figure 3). 18±20 In this technique, the penis is placed directly into the well of a scintillation crystal which surrounds the organ.…”

“…In initial blood pool studies, erection was achieved by visual sexual stimulation (VSS) 7,14 or systemic (IV) vasodilators. 5,6,8,10,15,21 Intracavernosal (IC) injection of vasoactive drugs 9,16,17,22 is currently preferred as a more effective and reproducible method of achieving tumescence, although some authors still feel that audio-visual stimulation is more physiologic and therefore superior.…”

“…14 Fanous and coworkers 8 also adopted a quantitative approach in their studies, by further de®ning a penogram index, which represented the increment in counts after erection divided by the baseline counts ([post-erection counts 7 pre-erection counts]apre-erection counts). This measure correlated well with the penile to brachial blood pressure index 8 and with arteriographic diagnosis.…”

Isotope Phallogram: Preliminary Communication

“…Radioactive counts were recorded over the penis and the figures plotted as a curve which the authors referred to as the 'radioisotope penogram'. Subsequently they labelled autologous red cells using technetium-99m and demonstrated an increase in penile blood volume during visual sexual stimulation (Shirai & Nakamura 1976). Fanous et al (1982) were the first to describe a method of screening for vasculogenic impotence involving the use of a vasodilator (isoxsuprine hydrochloride).…”