Determination of interface height from measured parameter profile in enclosure fire experiment

He, Yaping; Fernando, Anthony; Luo, Mingchun

doi:10.1016/s0379-7112(97)00064-7

Cited by 149 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…On one hand, the n-percent method has been one of the most extended methods to determine the free smoke height [6,28], due to the ease of calculation. On the other hand, the least-square method is neither dependent on any parameter nor empirical correlations [22]. This method, applied to the smoke temperature, establishes the smoke layer interface where the deviation (r d ) of the temperature at the smoke layer interface is minimum.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…-Wall A. Twelve thermocouples were installed in three thermocouple trees to measure the temperature at 30 cm from the wall A (sensors [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] as can be observed in Figure 2c. These measurements are used to study the smoke temperature at the far field and the smoke layer drop.…”

Section: Fire Experiments and Simulations In A Full-scale Atrium 53mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is usually evaluated in the literature by means of CO 2 concentration [16,17] as well as temperature measurements [18][19][20][21][22], the latter being the most used due to the ease of its measurement. There are many different temperature methods to evaluate the smoke layer interface in the literature, such as the n-percent method proposed by Cooper et al [18], the upper zone averaging and mass equivalency by Quintere et al [19], the maximum gradient method by Emmons [20], the Janssen method [21] or the least-square method by He et al [22]. All these methods, except the least-square method, present a certain grade of empiricism, because of that the least-square method has been used in this paper to compare the smoke layer interface both numerically and experimentally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fire Experiments and Simulations in a Full-scale Atrium Under Transient and Asymmetric Venting Conditions

et al. 2015

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Abstract. An experimental and numerical comparison of new full-scale atrium fire tests in the 20 m cubic atrium with four different heat release rates (1.7 MW, 2.3 MW, 3.9 MW and 5.3 MW) is presented. Different exhaust conditions (steady and transient extraction rates) and different make-up air configurations (symmetric and asymmetric) are assessed. Temperature measurements in the near (fire plume) and far field (close to the walls) have been recorded by means of 59 thermocouples. The smoke layer interface is also estimated by means of a thermocouple tree with 28 measurements using the least-square and the n-percent methods. The simulations have been conducted using FDS (version 6, Release Candidate 3). The comparison with the simulations shows average discrepancies lower than 32% and 11%, for the near and far field temperatures, respectively. A discrepancy lower than 5% (1 m) is obtained by both methods for the smoke layer height when the steady state is reached. Finally, a slower response to an increment on the exhaust rate is predicted on the smoke layer, being more perceptible for high heat release rates.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fire Experiments and Simulations In A Full-scale Atrium 53mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fire Experiments and Simulations in a Full-scale Atrium Under Transient and Asymmetric Venting Conditions

et al. 2015

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“…In the least-squares method [28], the lower layer and upper layer temperatures (T and u T ) are defined at the doorway as:…”

Section: Experimental Results and Validation Of The Fire Model Experimentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical study of furniture fires in an ISO-room for use in a fire forecasting framework

Beji

Verstockt

Walle

et al. 2013

Journal of Fire Sciences

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The proposed method of forecasting a single-room fire growth based on inverse modelling relies upon the assimilation of temperature measurements at the doorway level, from floor to soffit height. These measurements are processed in the context of a two-zone model to obtain transient profiles of neutral plane height, X N , and upper layer temperature, T u . An additional correlation is used to deduce the smoke layer height, h, within the fire room. The obtained profiles of T u , X N and h over a given period of time (the 'assimilation window') are used to estimate the fire growth factor, α, the time delay, t 0 , and the heat loss factor, λ c , with a two-zone inverse modelling procedure. Instantaneous displays of the future fire development are then delivered.Experimental data of four furniture fires in an ISO room are analyzed to illustrate the proposed forecasting methodology, which provides positive lead times between 20 and 235 s, depending on the fire growth rate.

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“…In a field model like FDS, there are not two distinct zones, but rather a continuous profile of temperature. There are several methods that have been developed to estimate smoke layer height and average temperatures from a continuous vertical profile of temperature (see [7]). The method chosen by NIST is as follows (see [5]):…”

Section: Heat Release Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits Of Field Modelling For Smoke Control Assessment In Large Volume

Demouge¹,

Fromy²

2005

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the Eigth International Sy

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The aim of this paper is to present a comparison of results obtained with several fire models on an application of smoke control system design for a large volume within the new French regulation framework. Three fire models are used: a simple hot layer model, a 2-zone model (FISBA) and a field model (FDS). The large volume used as a sample is 5000 m 2 of floor area and 19 m high. Three different exhaust configurations are studied for one single 5 MW fire scenario. Results show a good agreement between models for no or low exhaust flow rate while discrepancy increases for high exhaust flow rate. Discrepancy, which affects smoke control system design and fire safety analysis, is mainly explained by the strong fluid movements that are predicted with field modelling. Further research is need in order to determine which model is better adapted to a specific situation with regards to building volume dimensions, fire heat release rate and exhaust rate. KEYWORDS

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Determination of interface height from measured parameter profile in enclosure fire experiment

Cited by 149 publications

References 0 publications

Fire Experiments and Simulations in a Full-scale Atrium Under Transient and Asymmetric Venting Conditions

Fire Experiments and Simulations in a Full-scale Atrium Under Transient and Asymmetric Venting Conditions

Experimental and numerical study of furniture fires in an ISO-room for use in a fire forecasting framework

Benefits Of Field Modelling For Smoke Control Assessment In Large Volume

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