Determination of Inorganic Improvised Explosive Device Signatures Using Laser Electrospray Mass Spectrometry Detection with Offline Classification

Flanigan, Paul M.; Brady, John J.; Judge, Elizabeth J.; Levis, Robert J.

doi:10.1021/ac2014299

Cited by 48 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…141,142) Another related technique known as laser electrospray mass spectrometry (LEMS) uses a femtosecond laser for desorption and electrospray as post-ionization. 143) LEMS has been applied for analysis of a wide range of samples such as explosives, 144) smokeless powders, 145) pharmaceuticals, 146) and biological macromolecules. 147) Although laser desorption has been used as a means to generate gas-phase ions from condensed phase, these approaches demonstrated that ionization e ciency of desorbed species can be further improved by post-ionization with electrospray.…”

Section: Desorption Based Esimentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospray Modifications for Advancing Mass Spectrometric Analysis

Meher

Chen

2017

Mass Spectrometry

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Generation of analyte ions in gas phase is a primary requirement for mass spectrometric analysis. One of the ionization techniques that can be used to generate gas phase ions is electrospray ionization (ESI). ESI is a so ionization method that can be used to analyze analytes ranging from small organics to large biomolecules. Numerous ionization techniques derived from ESI have been reported in the past two decades.ese ion sources are aimed to achieve simplicity and ease of operation. Many of these ionization methods allow the exibility for elimination or minimization of sample preparation steps prior to mass spectrometric analysis. Such ion sources have opened up new possibilities for taking scienti c challenges, which might be limited by the conventional ESI technique. us, the number of ESI variants continues to increase. is review provides an overview of ionization techniques based on the use of electrospray reported in recent years. Also, a brief discussion on the instrumentation, underlying processes, and selected applications is also presented.

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Section: Desorption Based Esimentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospray Modifications for Advancing Mass Spectrometric Analysis

Meher

Chen

2017

Mass Spectrometry

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“…LEMS employs an intense (~10 13 W/cm 2 ) femtosecond laser pulse to induce nonresonant vaporization of a sample. Since there is no matrix to absorb the laser energy, fragmentation may be expected with LEMS from the intense pulses; however, intact molecular ions are typically detected, as demonstrated for small biomolecules [1,2], proteins [4][5][6], lipids [7], explosives [8][9][10], smokeless powders [11], narcotics [12], pharmaceuticals [12], and tissues [13,14]. The internal energy distribution can be determined by measuring the fragmentation yield as a function of collision-induced dissociation energy in a series of thermometer ions via the survival yield method [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal Energy Deposition for Low Energy, Femtosecond Laser Vaporization and Nanospray Post-ionization Mass Spectrometry using Thermometer Ions

Flanigan

Shi

Archer

et al. 2015

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Abstract. The internal energy of p-substituted benzylpyridinium ions after laser vaporization using low energy, femtosecond duration laser pulses of wavelengths 800 and 1042 nm was determined using the survival yield method. Laser vaporization of dried benzylpyridinium ions from metal slides into a buffered nanospray with 75 μJ, 800 nm laser pulses resulted in a higher extent of fragmentation than conventional nanospray due to the presence of a two-photon resonance fragmentation pathway. Using higher energy 800 nm laser pulses (280 and 505 μJ) led to decreased survival yields for the four different dried benzylpyridinium ions. Analyzing dried thermometer ions with 46.5 μJ, 1042 nm pulse-bursts resulted in little fragmentation and mean internal energy distributions equivalent to nanospray, which is attributable to the absence of a two-photon resonance that occurs with higher energy, 800 nm laser pulses. Vaporization of thermometer ions from solution with either 800 nm or 1042 nm laser pulses resulted in comparable internal energy distributions to nanospray ionization.

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“…LEMS couples nonresonant femtosecond (fs) laser vaporization with ES ionization to perform ambient pressure mass analysis on a wide variety of samples, including pharmaceuticals [35], lipids [36], narcotics [37], dipeptides [34], explosives [38][39][40], and plant tissues [41,42] for phenotype classification [41]. Most importantly, investigations of lysozyme and cytochrome c revealed that the solution-phase conformation was preserved during transfer to ES droplets when an intense, nonresonant ultrafast laser was employed for vaporization [43].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing Protein Charge State When Using Laser Electrospray Mass Spectrometry

Karki

Flanigan

Perez

et al. 2015

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Abstract. Femtosecond (fs) laser vaporization is used to transfer cytochrome c, myoglobin, lysozyme, and ubiquitin from the condensed phase into an electrospray (ES) plume consisting of a mixture of a supercharging reagent, m-nitrobenzyl alcohol (m-NBA), and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), acetic acid (AA), or formic acid (FA). Interaction of acid-sensitive proteins like cytochrome c and myoglobin with the highly charged ES droplets resulted in a shift to higher charge states in comparison with acid-stable proteins like lysozyme and ubiquitin. Laser electrospray mass spectrometry (LEMS) measurements showed an increase in both the average charge states (Z avg ) and the charge state with maximum intensity (Z mode ) for acid-sensitive proteins compared with conventional electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) under equivalent solvent conditions. A marked increase in ion abundance of higher charge states was observed for LEMS in comparison with conventional electrospray for cytochrome c (ranging from 19+ to 21+ versus 13+ to 16+) and myoglobin (ranging from 19+ to 26+ versus 18+ to 21+) using an ES solution containing m-NBA and TFA. LEMS measurements as a function of electrospray flow rate yielded increasing charge states with decreasing flow rates for cytochrome c and myoglobin.

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Determination of Inorganic Improvised Explosive Device Signatures Using Laser Electrospray Mass Spectrometry Detection with Offline Classification

Cited by 48 publications

References 55 publications

Electrospray Modifications for Advancing Mass Spectrometric Analysis

Electrospray Modifications for Advancing Mass Spectrometric Analysis

Internal Energy Deposition for Low Energy, Femtosecond Laser Vaporization and Nanospray Post-ionization Mass Spectrometry using Thermometer Ions

Increasing Protein Charge State When Using Laser Electrospray Mass Spectrometry

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