Determination of indoxyl sulfate in plasma of patients with renal failure by use of ion-pairing liquid chromatography.

Abstract

Using our newly developed ion-pairing reversed-phase liquid-chromatographic method for assay of indoxyl sulfate, we measured its concentration in plasma of normal subjects and patients in various degrees of renal failure. Response was linear over the range of 50 to 25 000 pmol of indoxyl sulfate injected into the chromatograph. We demonstrated the specificity of the assay for azotemic plasma by using enzymatic conversion with a sulfatase. For a moderately above-normal indoxyl sulfate concentration in azotemic plasma of 134 mumol/L (29 mg/L), the within-day CV was 1.6%, the day-to-day CV 2.8%. Mean analytical recovery was 101.0% (CV = 2.8%). Over a range of 29 to 192 mg of creatinine per liter of plasma (x), indoxyl sulfate (y) concentration (in mumol/L) was positively correlated (y = 1.30x + 0.43). This method should prove valuable for further study of uremic toxins.

Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of uraemic indoxyl sulphate in rats

“…The concentration ratio of indoxyl sulphate in the kidney of CRF rats was not different from that in control rats (Figure 1), suggesting that the renal basolateral uptake system responsible for indoxyl sulphate distribution in the tubules was not saturated in the CRF rats. It has been reported that the total serum concentration of indoxyl sulphate is 104-417 mm in chronic renal failure patients [6,13,17,18]. Under this condition, the renal uptake system of indoxyl sulphate would be difficult to saturate.…”

Ligand Binding to the FA3-FA4 Cleft Inhibits the Esterase-Like Activity of Human Serum Albumin

“…Under pathological conditions, the plasma concentration of 3-indoxyl-sulfate ranges between 4 and 60 μg/mL ( i . e ., 1.9×10 -5 M to 2.8×10 -4 M) [ 43 , 44 ].…”

Purple urine bag syndrome: Time for awareness

“…It was found to be associated with alkaline urine, urinary tract infections, renal failure, polyvinyl chloride urine bag, and dementia. [ 3 ] Though most cases of PUBS turn out to be clinically harmless underlying UTI can lead to serious complications as typical symptoms of dysuria are absent. [ 7 ] The awareness of this syndrome and need to initiate treatment for urinary tract infection are necessary as the outcome may be fatal if progresses to generalized septicemia.…”

“…[ 2 ] Dehydration is also an important factor as the serum concentration of indoxyl sulfate was found to have a linear correlation with the severity of the azotemia. [ 3 ]…”