Determination of individual metabolites of aromatic compounds in hydrolyzed bile of English sole (Parophrys vetulus) from polluted sites in Puget Sound, Washington

Krahn, Margaret M.; Burrows, Douglas G.; MacLeod, William D.; Malins, Donald C.

doi:10.1007/bf01055807

Cited by 172 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Furthermore, 1-OH pyrene has been detected in fish bile, showing a good correlation with the degree of pollution of the area (Krahn et al 1987;Ariese et al 1993). Regardless of the exposure to other PAHs, I-OH pyrene was found to be the predominant PAH metabolite in bile in those surveys.…”

Section: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Pyrenementioning

confidence: 83%

Energetic costs of pyrene metabolism in isolated hepatocytes of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Bains

Kennedy

2004

Aquatic Toxicology

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The biotransformation of xenobiotics by fish can be important to their survival while living in contaminated environments. However, the energetic costs of such detoxification are unknown. This study examined the respiratory costs of pyrene biotransformation and excretion in isolated hepatocytes of adult rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Baseline oxygen consumption rates measured at an acclimation temperature of 7.5"C and during an acute temperature increase to 15•‹C were 10.1 kO.l and 22.6k0.4 ng O2 min-I mg cells-', respectively. Hepatoctyes exposed to 1, 5 and 10 vglml pyrene at 7.5"C exhibited concentration-dependent increases in oxygen consumption (ng O2 min-I mg cells-'): 18.8+0.7% (increase compared to acclimated baseline), 31 . I kO.8% and 40.6+0.7%, respectively. Exposure of cells to pyrene at 1 5OC also elevated oxygen consumption, however, the relationship with pyrene concentration was biphasic. Oxygen consumption rates of hepatocytes exposed to 1, 5 and 10 ~g l m l pyrene at 15OC increased l3.2+l.6%, 34.1 +I .7%, and 21.7+0.8%, respectively. The major metabolite identified was conjugated I-hydroxypyrene. At 7.50C1 increased pyrene metabolism correlated with increased hepatocyte respiration rates. At 15OC, however, pyrene metabolism reached a maximum at 5 pglml, suggesting saturation of detoxification enzymes, which correlated with maximum respiration rates at this concentration. Measures of respiration by isolated mitochondria indicated that changes in hepatocyte oxygen consumption were not through direct effects of pyrene or 1-OH pyrene on mitochondria. Furthermore, cytotoxicity tests via cell viability and LDH assays showed that the pyrene concentrations selected in this experiment did not significantly affect the integrity of the cells. Overall, this study indicates that significant respiratory iii costs may be accrued by teleost hepatocytes actively metabolizing and secreting xenobiotic compounds. DEDICATIONThis thesis is dedicated to the members of my family: my father (Gian), my mother (Joginder) and my brothers (Sukhjit and Sunny). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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Section: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Pyrenementioning

confidence: 83%

Energetic costs of pyrene metabolism in isolated hepatocytes of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Bains

Kennedy

2004

Aquatic Toxicology

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“…B(a)P in benzene extracts was determined by room-temperature solid-surface fluorescence, at wavelength pair excitation/emission 380/430 nm (Hurtubise 1981, Hurtubise et al 1989). B(a)P equivalent includes B(a)P, pyrene and fluoranthene (Krahn et al 1987).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluorometrical study of bioaccumulation of benzo(a)pyrene and marker xenobiotics in the bivalve Donax trunculus from clean and polluted sites along the Mediterranean shore of Israel

Bresler¹,

Fishelson²

1994

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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This study focused on bioaccumulahon of benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] from a polluted environment and 2 xenobiotic markers under experimental conditions in various organs of the marine bivalve Donax trunculus. The cationic dye acndine orange (AO) and anionic dye fluorescein (FLU) were used as markers. Test molluscs were collected from 3 sites along the Israeli Mediterranean shore: a relatively clean site, an oil-polluted site and a site polluted by chemical effluents from a polyvinylchloride (PVC) factory. B(a)P was determined in tissue samples using benzene extraction and solidsurface luminescent analysis. Bivalves from the oil-polluted site contained 55.6 ng B(a)P g-' wet wt. B(a)P concentration varied among body compartments: hepatopancreas > total soft tissues > kidney > shell >mantle edge = g d s . In experiments, living bivalves from these 3 sites were kept in seawater with 10 PM A 0 or 100 pM FLU for 24 to 96 h. Accumulation and distribution of A 0 and FLU in the molluscs was determined by vital contact microfluorometry and from ethanolic extraction of the markers. Following exposure to the markers, D. trunculus from the clean site showed A 0 concentrations as follows: mantle edge > kidney > hepatopancreas > gills > central part of the mantle. For FLU the order was: ludney > gills > mantle edge > hepatopancreas > central part of the mantle. D. trunculus from polluted sites demonstrated a decrease in A 0 concentration and an increase in FLU concentration, especially in specimens from the site polluted by the PVC factory. Experimental thermal stress produced a drastic decrease in A 0 bioaccumulation. The observed bioaccumulation of B(a)P, A 0 and FLU reflects the environmental quality and can thus be used for monitoring.

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“…Since its first application in the 1980s (Krahn et al, 1987), the analysis of PAH metabolites in fish bile, as a biomarker for PAH exposure, has become increasingly popular for use in field studies and environmental monitoring. PAH metabolites as biomarker has been determined in a variety of marine, estuarine and fresh water fish species, such as English sole (Collier and Varanasi, 1991), plaice (Richardson et al, 2004), flounder (Ariese et al, 1993;Beyer et al, 1996;Eggens et al, 1996;Kopecka et al, 2006;Vethaak et al, 2011), dab (Kammann, 2007;Vethaak et al, 2009), Atlantic cod (Beyer et al, 1996;Aas et al, 2000), Atlantic hagfish (Sundt et al, 2011), feral finfish (Hellou et al, 2006), eelpout (Tairova et al, 2012), brown bullhead (Yang and Baumann, 2006), trout (Escartín and Porte, 1999a), eel (Van der Oost et al, 1994;Ruddock et al, 2003;Gorbi and Regoli, 2004;Nagel et al, 2012;Kammann et al, 2014), and red mullet (Escartin and Porte, 1999b;Martínez-Gómez et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decadal Trends in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Contamination Assessed by 1-Hydroxypyrene in Fish Bile Fluid in the Netherlands: Declining in Marine Waters but Still a Concern in Estuaries

Vethaak

Baggelaar

Lieverloo³

et al. 2016

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Long-term monitoring data on the concentrations of biliary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHPyr) in flatfish, as a biomarker for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure, were analyzed and evaluated to elucidate spatial differences and temporal trends in marine and estuarine PAH contamination in the Netherlands. Dab (Limanda limanda) and flounder (Platichthys flesus) with partly overlapping distributions were used as target species. In total 1831 bile samples were analyzed individually: 417 dab in 1998-2005 and 1438 flounder in 1996-2012. The sampling procedure for flatfish and the PAH metabolites determination by means of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence (FL) detection were based on international guidelines. Measuring the absorbance at 380 nm was tested to correct for possible differences in feeding status, but this turned out not to be a suitable parameter for the standardization of PAH metabolite concentrations. Both fish species showed statistically significant differences in biliary 1-OHPyr concentrations between various locations. The highest level of PAH contamination was found in flounder from the estuarine Western Scheldt, which might be partly due to local dredging activities. Dab from the central North Sea (Dogger Bank) showed the lowest level of PAH contamination. Analysis of all the data indicated mainly downward trends in PAH contamination, most clearly pronounced in the Dutch Wadden Sea. PAH exposure levels in the Dutch coastal waters including the Eastern Scheldt and the Wadden Sea, and also at the offshore North Sea monitoring sites represent levels of response that are not indicative of significant harm. In contrast, PAH contamination in the more industrialized Dutch estuaries (Western Scheldt and Ems-Dollard) is still a cause Vethaak et al.Marine and Estuarine PAH Contamination for concern. Future monitoring should register the total bile volume, the sex of the fish and the method of fishing to improve the interpretation of the data. In addition, the biliary absorbance at 380 nm should be registered as it may help the interpretation of outliers in the data.

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Determination of individual metabolites of aromatic compounds in hydrolyzed bile of English sole (Parophrys vetulus) from polluted sites in Puget Sound, Washington

Cited by 172 publications

References 21 publications

Energetic costs of pyrene metabolism in isolated hepatocytes of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Energetic costs of pyrene metabolism in isolated hepatocytes of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Microfluorometrical study of bioaccumulation of benzo(a)pyrene and marker xenobiotics in the bivalve Donax trunculus from clean and polluted sites along the Mediterranean shore of Israel

Decadal Trends in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Contamination Assessed by 1-Hydroxypyrene in Fish Bile Fluid in the Netherlands: Declining in Marine Waters but Still a Concern in Estuaries

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