Determination of indican, isatin, indirubin and indigotin in Isatis indigotica by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

The roots and leaves of Isatis indigotica, named 'Ban-Lan-Gen' and 'Da-Qing-Ye', respectively, are widely used for the treatment of influenza, viral pneumonia, mumps, pharyngitis, and hepatitis. The indoxyl derivatives detected in the roots and leaves of I. indigotica have been reported to be biologically active. In the present study, a liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) method was developed to determine indican, isatin, indirubin and indigotin in the roots and leaves of I. indigotica. The method has been validated for linearity, precision and accuracy. Using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), the limits of detection (LODs) were determined as 0.004 ng for indican, 0.01 ng for isatin, 0.01 ng for indrubin and 0.03 ng for indigotin, while the limits of quantitation (LOQs) were 0.015 ng for indican, 0.04 ng for isatin, 0.04 ng for indirubin and 0.1 ng for indigotin. Compared with previously reported methods, the current method is more rapid, selective and sensitive. This is the first report of the LC/MS/MS determination of indican, isatin, indirubin and indigotin.

The role of natural indigo dye in alleviation of genotoxicity of sodium dithionite as a reducing agent

“…The indican results obtained herein were close to the previous studies (Kokubun et al 1998;Gilbert et al 2004;Zou and Koh 2007;Rocha et al 2011;Campeol et al 2006;Angelini et al 2007). Indirubin results were similar or lower than those in the previous studies (Liau et al 2007;Gilbert et al 2004;Zou and Koh 2007;Chen et al 2011).…”

“…Indirubin results were similar or lower than those in the previous studies (Liau et al 2007;Gilbert et al 2004;Zou and Koh 2007;Chen et al 2011). Indigo content (2.80 mg/ g) was previously reported by our research group (Karaman et al 2016).…”

“…The indigo precursors (indican and isatan-b) and its red isomer indirubin were extracted from fresh leaves of I. tinctoria according to the method proposed by Zou and Koh (2007). Since isatan-b is unstable and easily-affected by environmental conditions and there is no chemical standard for isatan-b available, the presence of isatan-b was revealed by our research group using LC-MS (Karaman et al 2016).…”

“…The blue dye indigo is one common natural dye stuff and it is a general name addressed to the different plant species including Isatis indigotica and Isatis tinctoria (Brassicaceae), Baphicacanthus cusia (Acanthaceae), Polygonum tinctorium (Polygonaceae), Indigofera suffrutticosa and Indigofera tinctoria (Fabaceae) but interestingly, indigo plants do not contain indigo blue but instead they accumulate the indigo precursors including indican and isatan and also some indole derivatives such as isatin, indirubin, hydroxyl indoles and their glucosides (Gilbert et al 2004;Zou and Koh 2007). The indigo blue is one of the world's most important industrial chemicals but it has been progressively replaced with synthetic ones.…”

Dyeing Properties and Storage Stability of Leaf Powder Prepared from Dyer's Knotweed (I) - by Freeze Drying method -

“…1). THF는 인디칸 이외에도 인디칸 유도체 인 인디루빈, 인디고 그리고 클로로필 모두를 용해 시키므로 21,22) 분석을 위한 추출용매로 사용하였다. 따라서 LP-F와 LP-DF 분말의 경우에는 인디칸 의 가수분해를 유도하기 위해 물을 첨가하여 페이 스트상태로 만든 후 염색시간과 동일한 30분 동안 방치하였다가 THF 용매로 추출한 색소용액의 흡수 스펙트럼을 얻었다 (Fig.…”