Determination of In-plane Shear Strength of Unidirectional Composite Materials Using the Off-axis Three-point Flexure and Off-axis Tensile Tests

Vargas, G.; Mujika, F.

doi:10.1177/0021998310369601

Cited by 19 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Hybrid Cross Ply 8 depicted the highest flexural strength but possess quite low flexural modulus. This is consistent with findings from [21,22] which prove that layup ±45 o CFRP than ±45 o GFRP produces higher shear stress field distribution which accommodates the flexural loading implied. For Cross Ply 6, intralayer delamination of GFRP layups at both compressive and tensile side and matrix cracking and damage at ±45° layup of GFRP seen at the compressive side which brought into failure initiation and lowest flexural strength recorded.…”

Section: Flexural Behaviour Of Hybrid Composite Balanced Cross-ply Ansupporting

confidence: 91%

Characterisation of Hybrid Carbon Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (C/GFRP) of Balanced Cross Ply and Quasi Isotropic under Tensile and Flexural Loading

Ghani

Mahmud

2020

IJAME

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Carbon fibres(CF), having a low elongation at break (approximately 2%) leads to the brittle fracture of its composites. In the hybridisation coming from the use of two or more types of fibres reinforced the same resin, the disadvantages of one type fibres can be balanced by the advantages of the others [1]. It also provides recommendations for experimental measurements of the hybrid effect, which is a synergetic increase of the failure strain of low elongation fibres when hybridised with higher elongation fibres. This implies that the carbon fibres (CF) has a very low strain to failure and is regarded as a disadvantage for the use of carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP) when utilised as structural members that will be subjected to tensile, compressive, shear and or/flexural loading. On the other hand, glass fibres (GF) which have much lower strength than carbon fibres but are tougher due to higher strain-to-failure. It has been proved that incorporation of GF into CF is possible to improve the failure strain of CFRP, turning the materials to a combination system called hybrids [2] [3]. Apart from the toughness issue, CF are also very expensive which is regarded as the main drawback why CFRP are only popular in aero industries and automotive sector where weight saving is considered to be the primary concern [3]. GF are cheaper than CF and the glass fibre reinforced polymers (GFRP) have been increasingly used to replace steel in automotive industry. The use of CFRP could yield a 40-60% weight reduction; but its adoption rate still remains low. The hybridisation of GF into CF selectively could be an effective way to reduce vehicle weight without excessive cost [4]. Tensile and Flexural Behaviour of Hybrid Composite MaterialFibre-hybrid composites are attracting an ever-increasing interest from academia and industry. It is therefore vital to develop a solid understanding of their basic mechanical properties. Measuring and predicting the tensile failure of hybrid composites however remains a challenging task. Several scholars provide recommendations for experimental measurements of the hybrid effect, which is a synergetic increase of the failure strain of low elongation fibres when hybridised with higher elongation fibres. The hybridisation may also result in the improvement of composites mechanical properties characterised by the increase of ultimate tensile strain compared with those of low elongation non-hybrid fibre reinforced composites [2][5][6] [5]. Like most materials, fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) face the strength versus toughness dilemma. For example, in the case of carbon fibre (CF) being well known for having superior strength and stiffness; but these high strength and stiffness come at the expense of its low toughness. Relative glass/carbon ratios significantly influence the flexural properties, and laminate geometry further optimises them. Utilisation of hybridisation ABSTRACT -This study is performed to characterize composite material of hybrid carbon glass reinforced polymer (C/GFRP) of two (2) t...

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Section: Flexural Behaviour Of Hybrid Composite Balanced Cross-ply Ansupporting

confidence: 91%

Characterisation of Hybrid Carbon Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (C/GFRP) of Balanced Cross Ply and Quasi Isotropic under Tensile and Flexural Loading

Ghani

Mahmud

2020

IJAME

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“…In the static bending test of the off-axis specimen, the torsional deformation is constrained, so the infl uence of torsional moment around the long axis is signifi cant (Hearmon 1943 ;Mujika et al 2005 ;Vargas and Brought to you by | New York University Bobst Library Technical Services Authenticated Download Date | 6/6/15 9:38 PM Mujika 2010 ). Because of the infl uence of restriction in the static test, the MOE off-axis tends to be measured larger than that predicted by the transformation rule when the L/B ratio of the specimen decreases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of specimen configuration on the measurement of the off-axis Young’s modulus of wood by vibration tests

Yoshihara

2012

Holzforschung

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To determine the Young ' s modulus of solid wood, longitudinal and fl exural vibration methods are very effective because the Young ' s modulus can be measured non-destructively. When the specimen has an off-axis angle, however, the specimen confi guration has an infl uence on the measurement of Young ' s modulus. Therefore, it is important to reveal the infl uence of specimen confi guration on the measurement of off-axis Young ' s modulus. In this research, the off-axis Young ' s modulus of wood was obtained by conducting longitudinal and fl exural vibration tests using specimens with various widths and performing a subsequent numerical analysis on the test data. The off-axis Young ' s modulus was dependent on specimen confi guration when the off-axis angle ranged from approximately 5° to 15 ° because the bending and torsional deformations in the longitudinal and fl exural vibration tests, respectively, were signifi cant in this range.

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“…The analitical approach of Mujika et al [21,22] predicts that failure is caused by shear stresses at a critical point K . The calculation of the in-plane shear stress by the 3-point o-axis bending test is given by:…”

Section: In-plane Shear Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The o-axis exure test: proposed by Mujika et al [21,22] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 pointed out that bending-twisting coupling eect always causes the apparent bending modulus to be higher than the actual one [23,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A typical o-axis bending test, where lift-o is observed, as well as the assumed load conguration and reactions are shown inFigure 1.Therefore, the in-plane shear strength and modulu are obtained as described below from the experimental results.2.1. Lift-o on the supportsIn previous works[21,22,27,28], lift-o on the supports has been considered critical for the validity of the three-point o-axis bending test. If lift-o in the support does not occur, the case is statically indeterminate, while if lifto occurs the problem is statically determinate.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the validity of the three-point off-axis bending method

Cabrero

Vargas

2015

Applied Mathematical Modelling

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Please cite this article as: J.M. Cabrero, G. Vargas, Analysis of the validity of the three-point off-axis bending method, Appl. Math. Modelling (2015), doi: http://dx.Abstract Several methods for determining in-plane shear properties of anisotropic materials (i.e. bre reinforced composite materials and natural wood) based on exural loading have been proposed. One of those methods is the o-axis exural test that considers unidirectional composite materials subject to three-point bending loading. As a result of the anisotropic behaviour, unidirectional oaxis laminates subjected to exure present a bending-twisting coupling that may cause, in the case of 3-point bending loading, a lift-o of the specimen on the xture supports. Such specimen lift-o has been considered one of the critical features to be considered on the mentioned experimental method. Besides geometrical parameters, material elastic constants, as longitudinal, transversaland shear elastic moduli, inuence the validity to use this method for characterizing in-plane shear properties. On that sense, an analytical approach for studying the material conditions for which the application of the o-axis 3P-B test is adequate is presented.

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Determination of In-plane Shear Strength of Unidirectional Composite Materials Using the Off-axis Three-point Flexure and Off-axis Tensile Tests

Cited by 19 publications

References 55 publications

Characterisation of Hybrid Carbon Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (C/GFRP) of Balanced Cross Ply and Quasi Isotropic under Tensile and Flexural Loading

Characterisation of Hybrid Carbon Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (C/GFRP) of Balanced Cross Ply and Quasi Isotropic under Tensile and Flexural Loading

Influence of specimen configuration on the measurement of the off-axis Young’s modulus of wood by vibration tests

Analysis of the validity of the three-point off-axis bending method

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