Determination of Imidazole, 4-Methylimidazole, and 2-Methylimidazole in Cigarette Additives by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography was employed for the determination of imidazole, 4-methylimidazole, and 2-methylimidazole in cigarette additives. Following solid phase extraction and filtration, the analytes were separated using isocratic elution with 5 mmol/L acetonitrileammonium formate (80:20, v/v) at 0.5 mL/min. The quantification of these analytes was achieved with the external standard method on a diode-array detector at 215 nm. Baseline separation was achieved within 1.3 min. The linear dynamic ranges for imidazole, 4-methylimidazole, and 2-methylimidazole were between 0.0375 and 18.0300 mg/kg. The limits of detection for the analytes were 0.0094 mg/kg. The recoveries and the relative standard deviations at fortification levels of 0.1322 mg/kg to 1.6220 mg/kg were 95.20% to 101.93% and 0.55% to 2.54%, respectively. The method offers easy operation, rapid analysis, and accurate results, and is suitable for the determination of imidazole, 4-methylimidazole and 2-methylimidazole in cigarette additives.

Mechanochemically Scaled-Up Alpha Cyclodextrin Nanosponges: Their Safety and Effectiveness as Ethylene Scavenger

“…The weighting factor 1/x was chosen since the sum of relative errors was smaller while still presenting a mean R 2 value of at least 0.999. The limit of detection and quantification were calculated using a 25 ng g −1 standard and were 3.07 ng g −1 and 10.24 ng g −1 , respectively, which is considerably lower than previously reported [ 24 ], meaning that very low concentrations of imidazole contaminant can be effectively detected in the finished product.…”

“…However, none of them focus on just the determination of free imidazole. Zhu and collaborators reported a UV method for the determination of imidazole and two imidazole derivatives using high-performance liquid chromatography [ 24 ]. Considering this method as a starting point, we aimed at developing a faster, cheaper, more easily accessible, and precise method that would allow imidazole monitoring in α-CD-NS, even at very low concentrations using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to a Diode Array Detector.…”

“…An HPLC method for the determination of imidazole in the washing solution was developed based on the one described by You Zhu et al [ 24 ]. Quantification was performed using an HPLC Waters 2695 Separations Module equipped with a Waters 2996 Photodiode Array Detector.…”

Application of gas flow headspace liquid phase micro extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for determination of 4-methylimidazole in food samples employing experimental design optimization

“…This compound is used in pharmaceuticals, agriculture and photography chemicals, dyes and pigments, and rubber manufacturing [ 2 ]. 4-MeI has been also detected in cigarette smoke [ 3 ] roasted foods and coffee [ 4 ], grilled meats and coffee [ 5 ] caramel color additives [ 6 ] and in a wide range of foods, sauces, vinegars, beers and soft drinks [ 7 ]. This contaminant compound is formed during caramel manufacturing which is in use in different foods such as cola drinks, beers, soy sauces, etc.…”

Development of an LC-MS method for determination of nitrogen-containing heterocycles using mixed-mode liquid chromatography

“…The high affinity of NCHs towards the aqueous medium results in a challenge for classical reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) separation techniques [28]. For polar and small compounds such as imidazole, piperidine, and pyridine, there is hardly any retention on C18 columns [14,29,30]. This causes co-elution with non-retarded matrix components present in the sample, such as salts, and thus interferences in the detection of these NCHs (e.g., spectral interference (UVvis detection) or ionization (MS-detection)) [31].…”