Determination of Hypochlorite in Bleaching Products with Flower Extracts To Demonstrate the Principles of Flow Injection Analysis

Ramos, Luiz Antônio; Prieto, Kátia R.; Cavalheiro, Éder Tadeu Gomes; Cavalheiro, Carla Cristina Schmitt

doi:10.1021/ed082p1815

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Didactic papers and innovative experiments have been proposed with the aim of introducing these concepts efficiently. Some illustrative examples refer to the demonstration of the analytical route, [193][194][195] kinetic studies, 196,197 enzymatic assays, 102 and reaction stoichiometry. 195 Practical guidelines for the introduction of ow analysis in undergraduate laboratories 198 and the demonstration of its potential in green chemistry 199 have been presented.…”

Section: Teachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow analysis in Brazil: contributions over the last four decades

Batista

Sasaki

Rocha

et al. 2014

Analyst

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The main contributions of Brazilian researchers to the field of flow analysis are reviewed, with an emphasis on historical developments, conceptual aspects, system design, and analytical applications. Contributions after the advent of flow injection analysis are highlighted. Novel approaches (e.g. zone merging, zone sampling, zone trapping, multi-site detection, and multi-commutation), flow modalities (e.g. monosegmented flow analysis, flow-batch analysis, multi-pumping flow analysis), as well as the pioneering implementation of different detection techniques (e.g. potentiometry, turbidimetry, flame atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, and gravimetry) and analytical steps (e.g. titrations, membrane-less gas diffusion, and electrolytic dissolution) are highlighted. Strategies to improve analytical figures of merit and the use of the flow analyser as a tool for teaching purposes are also discussed. Contributions from Brazilian workers in the context of system miniaturization, "green" chemistry, analysis of complex samples, novel strategies and materials for in-line analyte separation/concentration, and proposals for expert systems are also highlighted. The large-scale analysis of samples of agronomical, environmental, industrial, and clinical relevance is emphasized.

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Section: Teachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow analysis in Brazil: contributions over the last four decades

Batista

Sasaki

Rocha

et al. 2014

Analyst

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“…All the reference or sample solutions were injected manually into the carrier stream using a laboratoryconstructed three-piece injector-commutador made of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), 24 with two fixed side bars and a sliding central bar, which is moved for sampling and injection. The solutions were conducted with polyethylene tubing (0.8 mm i.d, Fiotubos, Brazil) and propelled with an IPC 8-channel peristaltic (Ismatec, Swtizerland) pump.…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of paracetamol at a graphite-polyurethane composite electrode as an amperometric flow detector

Cervini

Cavalheiro

2008

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Um eletrodo compósito de grafite-poliuretana sem modificação foi avaliado como um detector amperométrico para análise em fluxo, na determinação de paracetamol (APAP) em formulações farmacêuticas. Uma curva analítica foi obtida com região linear entre 5,00 x 10 -5 e 5,00 x 10 -3 mol L -1 , com um limite de detecção de 18,9 mol L -1 e 180 determinações por hora, depois de parâmetros otimizados como potencial de detecção, volume de amostragem, e vazão da solução carregadora. Interferência de ácido ascórbico foi observada, entretanto foi possível contorná-la, como visto pelos resultados que concordaram com HPLC com nível de confiança de 95%. Estes resultados mostraram que o compósito grafite-poliuretana pode ser usado como um detector amperométrico para análise em fluxo na determinação de APAP.A bare graphite-polyurethane composite was evaluated as an amperometric flow injection detector in the determination of paracetamol (APAP) in pharmaceutical formulations. A linear analytical curve was observed in the 5.00 x 10 -5 to 5.00 x 10 -3 mol L -1 range with a minimum detectable net concentration of 18.9 mol L -1 and 180 determinations h -1 , after optimization of parameters such as the detection potential, sample loop volume, and carrier solution flow rate. Interference of ascorbic acid was observed, however, it was possible overcome the interference, reaching results that agreed with HPLC within 95% confidence level. These results showed that the graphite-polyurethane composite can be used as an amperometric detector for flow analysis in the determination of APAP.Keywords: paracetamol, graphite-PU composite electrode, FIA IntroductionParacetamol (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, acetaminophen, APAP) had been used for a long time and is one of the most extensively employed drugs in the world. It was first used in medicine by von Mering in 1893. However, it was first discovered to have both analgesic and antipyretic properties in the late 19th century. APAP is the active ingredient of several pharmaceutical products, in different dosage forms and doses, alone or in association. It is a suitable alternative for the patients who are sensitive to aspirin and safe up to therapeutic doses. 1It has low toxicity when used at the recommended doses.2 Nevertheless, the ease with which the general public can access this drug makes it frequently associated with overdoses, in this situation causing serious or even fatal hepatic damage. 3 The treatment of a supposed overdose of APAP demands a rapid and reliable determination of its concentration in blood serum. So, APAP and its metabolites have been extensively investigated. HPLC, 10,11 and many other methods are proposed for the determination of APAP. Electrochemical methods, especially the voltammetric and amperometric ones gave the opportunity to study the oxidation mechanisms. The cyclic voltammetric study concerning the electrochemical oxidation of APAP was described in the work of Kissinger et al. 12 Since voltammetric techniques are more selective, less costly and less time-consu...

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“…All the reference or sample solutions were injected manually into the carrier stream using a homemade three-piece injector-commutador built from polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) with two fixed side bars and a sliding central bar, which was moved for sampling and injection (Ramos et al 2005). The solutions were conducted with polyethylene tubing (0.8 mm i.d, Fiotubos) and propelled with an IPC 8-channel peristaltic pump (Ismatec, Swtizerland).…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphite-Polyurethane Composite Electrode as an Amperometric Flow Detector in the Determination of Atenolol

Cervini¹,

Cavalheiro²

2008

Analytical Letters

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A bare graphite-polyurethane composite was evaluated as an amperometric detector in the flow injection determination of atenolol in pharmaceutical formulations. Using a flow injection analysis (FIA) procedure, a linear analytical curve was observed in the 0.2-3.0 mmol L À1 range with a minimum detectable net concentration limit of detection (LOD ¼ 18.1 mmol L À1 and 90 determinations h À1 . Interferences from propranolol and furosemide were observed but not from the other components of the tablet. Thus, it was possible to determine atenolol in tablets without interference and with results that agreed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure with a 95% confidence level in a fast and accurate procedure.

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Determination of Hypochlorite in Bleaching Products with Flower Extracts To Demonstrate the Principles of Flow Injection Analysis

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Flow analysis in Brazil: contributions over the last four decades

Flow analysis in Brazil: contributions over the last four decades

Determination of paracetamol at a graphite-polyurethane composite electrode as an amperometric flow detector

Graphite-Polyurethane Composite Electrode as an Amperometric Flow Detector in the Determination of Atenolol

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