Determination of hydrogen cyanide in thermal degradation products of polymeric materials

Michal, Jan

doi:10.1002/fam.810060105

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Michal (1982) reported a similar trend at a fixed air flow rate. A sample of rigid polyurethane foam was heated in a static tube furnace with an air flow of 50 ml min −1 at a range of temperatures from 600 to 1200°C and the yield of HCN was quantified.…”

Section: −1supporting

confidence: 52%

The fire toxicity of polyurethane foams

2016

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Polyurethane is widely used, with its two major applications, soft furnishings and insulation, having low thermal inertia, and hence enhanced flammability. In addition to their flammability, polyurethanes form carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide and other toxic products on decomposition and combustion. The chemistry of polyurethane foams and their thermal decomposition are discussed in order to assess the relationship between the chemical and physical composition of the foam and the toxic products generated during their decomposition. The toxic product generation during flaming combustion of polyurethane foams is reviewed, in order to relate the yields of toxic products and the overall fire toxicity to the fire conditions. The methods of assessment of fire toxicity are outlined in order to understand how the fire toxicity of polyurethane foams may be quantified. In particular, the ventilation condition has a critical effect on the yield of the two major asphyxiants, carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide.

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Section: −1supporting

confidence: 52%

The fire toxicity of polyurethane foams

2016

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“…Under certain circumstances, such polymers can be synthesized in interstellar or precometary ices (Gerakines et al 2004). If one turns to other candidates, it must be noted that thermaldegradation of polyacrylonitrile leads to the formation of HCN, NH 3 and CH 4 (Xue et al 1997) and that thermal-degradation of numerous synthetic nitrogen polymers also leads to the formation of HCN (Michal 1982). As numerous nitrogenated compounds can produce HCN by thermal-degradation, more experiments have to be implemented to measure quantitative data needed for proper modelling.…”

Section: Origin Of Cnmentioning

confidence: 98%

Distributed Sources in Comets

Cottin

Fray

2008

Space Sci Rev

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The distribution of some molecules and radicals (H 2 CO, CO, HNC, CN, . . .) in the atmosphere of several comets cannot be explained only by a direct sublimation from the nucleus, or by gas phase processes in the coma. Such molecules are in part the result of a distributed source in the coma, which could be the photo and thermal degradation of dust. We present a review of the degradation processes and discuss possible interpretations of the observations in which the degradation of solid complex organic material in dust particles seems to play a major role. The knowledge of such gas production mechanisms provides important clues on the chemical nature of the refractory organic material contained in comet nuclei.

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“…In tube furnace method the yields of HCN of PUR have been measured to be 0.0015-0.038 kg/kg at temperatures 700-1000°C according to Woolley [3] and 0.0074-0.039 kg/kg at temperatures 600-1000 ° C according to Michal [4]. Woolley used gas chromatographic and Michal spectrophotometric method for determining HCN.…”

Section: Production Of Compounds In the Cone Calorimeter Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoke Gas Analysis by FTIR Method. Preliminary Investigation

Kallonen

1990

Journal of Fire Sciences

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The FTIR spectrometer equipped with a long path gas cell was used in on-line gas analysis in connection with the Cone Calorimeter. It provided a sensitive and effective gas analyzer for the seven gases (CO, CO 2 , HCN, HC1, SO 2 , NO 2 and acrolein) measured. Test materials (PUR, PVC and wool carpet) produced at 50 kW/m 2 irradiance measurable concentrations of all the other gases except NO 2 and acrolein in spite of effective dilution of smoke gases by high air flow in the Cone Calorimeter. Concentrations of the gases evolved in the Cone Calorimeter could be measured frequently enough even from materials, which have short burning times. After careful calibration the precision of FTIR analysis can be the same as in commercial on-line gas analyzers. Actual precision of on-line specific gas analyzers may be even worse than that of FTIR because of overlapping impurities. The heatable sample line and gas cell ensures that components of the fire gas mixture do not condense on the walls on the way to the instrument. Because FTIR technique has capacity for on-line analysis and simultaneous measurement of several gases, it is a suitable analysis method to be used in connection with the Cone Calorimeter and with other fire tests. The sensitivity of FTIR method is adequate for toxicity evaluations. The analysis results can be used as data in mathematical models to predict toxic eflects in fires.

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Determination of hydrogen cyanide in thermal degradation products of polymeric materials

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

The fire toxicity of polyurethane foams

The fire toxicity of polyurethane foams

Distributed Sources in Comets

Smoke Gas Analysis by FTIR Method. Preliminary Investigation

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