Determination of how tetracycline influences nitrogen removal performance, community structure, and functional genes of biofilm systems

A critical review on the effects of antibiotics on anammox process in wastewater

“…For instance, the microbial community diversity was reported to increase when exposed to trace levels of TC due to the emergence of tetracycline-resistant denitrification bacteria under exposure to subinhibitory levels of tetracycline, but decrease when exposed to higher levels of TC (Li et al 2020b;Selvam et al 2012;Zhang et al 2013b). Du et al (2018b), while investigating the long-term effects of sulfamethazine (SMZ) and sulfadimethoxine (SDM) on the anammox process, reported that anammox bacteria could endure and adapt to low concentrations of SDM and SMZ (less than 3 mg/L) because of extracellular polymeric substances.…”

Effect of tetracycline on nitrogen removal in Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) System

“…Functional microorganisms such as nitrobacteria and denitrifiers are also affected by TC; denitrifying bacteria, for example, are more sensitive to TC than other heterotrophic bacteria [ 13 ]. It has been reported that the abundance of denitrifying bacteria increased when the TC concentration was 5 mg/L, and that the denitrification effect was enhanced [ 14 ]. A low TC concentration can promote microorganisms to form larger flocs, which stabilizes the living environment of the microbial community inside the floc and causes cellular responses similar to the function of “signal molecules.” However, high TC concentrations can cause denitrifying bacteria to separate from sludge substrates [ 14 ].…”

“…It has been reported that the abundance of denitrifying bacteria increased when the TC concentration was 5 mg/L, and that the denitrification effect was enhanced [ 14 ]. A low TC concentration can promote microorganisms to form larger flocs, which stabilizes the living environment of the microbial community inside the floc and causes cellular responses similar to the function of “signal molecules.” However, high TC concentrations can cause denitrifying bacteria to separate from sludge substrates [ 14 ]. The cellular responses caused by TC differ for different types of functional bacteria [ 15 , 16 ].…”

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“…En los últimos años, el interés científico ha crecido y se ha centrado en el uso de la desnitrificación organotrófica para la eliminación y/o degradación de antibióticos. Tal es el caso de los estudios realizados bajo condiciones desnitrificantes con diferentes sulfonamidas como SDZ, SMX, SMZ (Sun et al, 2017;An & Qin, 2018;Hou et al, 2019a;Zhang et al, 2020a;Zheng et al, 2020;Li et al, 2021); con β-lactámicos como AMP y AMOX, y tetraciclinas como TET y OTC (Islas-García et al, 2017;Rahman et al, 2018;Semedo et al, 2018;Feng et al, 2020;Li et al, 2020;Yu et al, 2021). Incluso, se ha estudiado la eliminación de otro grupo de antibióticos como las fluoroquinolonas, tal es el caso de CIP y OFL bajo condiciones desnitrificantes (Tong et al, 2019;Hassan et al, 2020;Ruan et al, 2020).…”

“…Se ha reportado la presencia de GRA en lodos desnitrificantes expuestos a diferentes concentraciones de antibióticos y tiempos de exposición, asumiéndose que actúan como mecanismos de defensa a la presencia de estos compuestos. Se ha registrado la presencia de diferentes GRA, por ejemplo: sul¸ cuando lodos desnitrificantes son expuestos a sulfonamidas, erm en presencia de macrólidos y tet en presencia de tetraciclinas(Hou et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2019;Li et al, 2020) (Tabla 6, material suplementario). El aumento de la abundancia de GRA se ha observado por distintas causas, ya sea por la proliferación de bacterias resistentes a antibióticos(Zhou et al, 2017), por la presencia de altas concentraciones de antibióticos(Zhao et al, 2021) o bien como mecanismo de protección de los microorganismos a la presencia del antibiótico(Yu et al, 2021).…”