Determination of HLB values of some nonionic surfactants and their mixtures

Kothencz, Réka; Nagy, Roland; Bartha, L.

doi:10.24193/subbchem.2017.4.38

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The CMC value is directly related to hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) value, where the lower the HLB, the lower the CMC value. The HLB value of C 19 TAB surfactant is about 10, whereas this value is about 22 for SDBS surfactant. , In addition, according to Kumar et al, when cationic surfactants such as C 19 TAB are used, the length of surfactant is proportional to the number of carbon atoms in the non-polar part (tail) of the surfactant. Longer tails then create stronger interaction between the non-polar molecules of oil and surfactant; thus, IFT between oil and water phase and also the CMC are reduced more significantly.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic Investigation of LSW/Surfactant/Alkali Synergism for Enhanced Oil Recovery: Fluid–Fluid Interactions

et al. 2020

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The combination of chemical enhanced oil recovery (CEOR) and low salinity water (LSW) flooding is one of the most attractive enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods. While several studies on CEOR have been performed to date, there still exists a lack of mechanistic understanding on the synergism between surfactant, alkali and LSW. This synergism, in terms of fluid–fluid interactions, is experimentally investigated in this study, and mechanistic understanding is gained through fluid analysis techniques. Two surfactants, one cationic and one anionic, namely an alkyltrimethylammonium bromide (C19TAB) and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), were tested, together with NaOH used as the alkali, diluted formation brine used as the LSW, and the crude oil was collected from an Iranian carbonate oil reservoir. Fluids were analyzed using pendant drop method for interfacial tension (IFT) measurement, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for determination of aqueous and oleic phase chemical interaction. The optimum concentration of LSW for IFT reduction was investigated to be 1000 ppm. Additionally, both surfactants reduced IFT significantly, from 28.86 mN/m to well below 0.80 mN/m, but in the presence of optimal alkali concentration the IFT dropped further to below 0.30 mN/m. IFT reduction by alkali was linked to the production of three different types of in situ anionic surfactants, while in the case of anionic and cationic surfactants, saponification reactions and the formation of the C19TAOH alcohol, respectively, were linked to IFT reduction. The critical micelle concentration and optimal alkali concentration when using cationic C19TAB were significantly lower than with the anionic surfactant; respectively: 335 vs 5000 ppm, and 500 vs 5000 ppm. However, it was found that SDBS was more compatible with NaOH than C19TAB, due to occurrence of alkali deposition with the latter beyond the optimal point.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic Investigation of LSW/Surfactant/Alkali Synergism for Enhanced Oil Recovery: Fluid–Fluid Interactions

et al. 2020

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“…HLB is determined not only by the structure of nonionic surfactant molecules but also depends on the temperature and the presence of electrolytes and organic additives in the solution. − With an increase in the temperature up to the cloud point, with the introduction of electrolytes with salting-out properties, a decrease in the solubility of nonionic surfactants is observed both due to the processes of dehydration of nonionic surfactant molecules and the competing action of electrolyte ions. The HLB numbers determined for aqueous solutions , need to be adjusted, taking these factors into account.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micelles of Oxyethylated Isononylphenols in Aqueous Solutions and Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Balance

2020

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We have measured the self-diffusion coefficients and calculated the effective hydrodynamic radii of micelles of ethoxylated isononylphenols in aqueous solutions in the presence of sodium chloride, as well as in their binary mutual mixtures, when approaching cloudy conditions. These cloudy conditions were created by an increase in temperature, a change in the concentration of an electrolyte in the solution, or a mutual ratio of neonols in their binary mixtures. The results are discussed within the concept of the hydrophilic− lipophilic balance.

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Section: Experimental Determination Of Hlb Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years a novel experimental method has been developed based on the Greenwald et al (1956) method which utilized the WN of a surfactant (Kothencz et al, 2017;Nagy et al, 2015;Nagy et al, 2016). Nagy et al (2016) determined a method which utilizes a safer solvent, cyclohexane-dioxane, that correlated closely to Griffin's theoretical method of HLB calculation (Kothencz et al, 2017;Nagy et al, 2015;Nagy et al, 2016). In a series of papers and experiments done by Nagy et al (2015;2016) their novel titrimetric method was compared to the Greenwald et al (1956) previous method and Griffin's theoretical HLB value determination to assess the accuracy of their novel method.…”

Section: Experimental Determination Of Hlb Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a series of papers and experiments done by Nagy et al (2015;2016) their novel titrimetric method was compared to the Greenwald et al (1956) previous method and Griffin's theoretical HLB value determination to assess the accuracy of their novel method. Following similar procedures to the Greenwald et al (1956) method, a non-ionic surfactant was dissolved in cyclohexane-dioxane, at 4% v/v cyclohexane, and the surfactant solution was titrated with distilled water until permanent turbidity was reached and transmittance within the solution could not decrease any further from the addition of distilled water (Kothencz et al, 2017). Measuring the transmittance of the titrated solution with a fiber-optic spectrophotometer (AvaSpec 2048) allowed the determination of an accurate WN for the surfactant solution (Nagy et al, 2015).…”

Section: Experimental Determination Of Hlb Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of various wetting agents on water status in USGA greens as determined by their physical properties

Fleetwood¹

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Soil hydrophobicity is an increasing issue in sandy soils, affecting agricultural land and golf courses. This phenomenon causes water repellency and bypassing of hydrophobic root zones, limiting water accessibility. Due to golf course putting greens utilizing a sand-based rootzone, soil water repellency commonly occurs, leading golf course superintendents to apply wetting agents to mitigate its effects. Over 75 percent of the wetting agents currently on the turfgrass market do not list their active ingredients, which limits the predictability of their performance in the rootzone. These studies investigated how various wetting agents influence water's physical properties, such as surface tension ([gamma]), to predict the effect of wetting agents on water infiltration or retention. The determination of the [gamma] of 23 different wetting agents led to the hypothesis that wetting agents with [gamma] values [less than or equal to] 30 mN m-1 have greater influence on water infiltration; those between 30 to 40 mN m-1 influence both water infiltration and retention; and those [greater than or equal to] 40 mN m-1 have greater influence on water retention. Three studies were conducted based on the surface tension categories to determine a correlation between: 1) selected wetting agents' water infiltration and rewettability into water-repellent sand; 2) to evaluate selected wetting agents' influence on water infiltration and retention under field conditions; and 3) to determine selected wetting agents' influence on water movement and leaching through water-repellent sand utilizing a soil water tracer. Our results contradicted our original hypothesis that [gamma] alone cannot be utilized to predict a wetting agent's functionality, however demonstrated that other factors need to be assessed. Abbreviations and key words: infiltration; leaching; rewettability; soil hydrophobicity; soil water tracer; [gamma], surface tension; water movement; water repellency; water retention; wetting agent

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Determination of HLB values of some nonionic surfactants and their mixtures

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Mechanistic Investigation of LSW/Surfactant/Alkali Synergism for Enhanced Oil Recovery: Fluid–Fluid Interactions

Mechanistic Investigation of LSW/Surfactant/Alkali Synergism for Enhanced Oil Recovery: Fluid–Fluid Interactions

Micelles of Oxyethylated Isononylphenols in Aqueous Solutions and Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Balance

Influence of various wetting agents on water status in USGA greens as determined by their physical properties

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