Determination of hexavalent chromium in plastic certified reference materials by X-ray absorption fine structure analysis

Selective determination of chromium(VI) ions using in-tube electro-membrane extraction followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

“…While Cr(III) ions are essential for our body and they are a part of our daily diet, Cr(VI) ions are highly toxic to humans, causing different disorders, and they are classified as a suspected carcinogenic agent [6][7][8][9]. For the very same reasons, the focus of a significant portion of analytical chemistry is shifting from the determination of total concentrations towards the development of selective assays of individual chemical species [1,10,11]. The considerable progress made in chemical analysis has caused the introduction of fantastic methods such as inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), ICP-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), electrothermal-AAS (ET-AAS), and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS).…”

Exploring the Degradation of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Resin Certified Reference Material for Heavy Metal Analysis

“…4−13 So far, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), [4][5][6][7]9 polyvinyl chloride (PVC), 8 and polypropylene (PP) 8,10−13 resin CRMs for the determination of Br, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb were developed. These plastic CRMs were pellet or disk forms and were developed for chemical analysis 4,8,10−12 or X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, [5][6][7]9,13 respectively. However, after the certification of ABS resin CRMs, a change in the concentrations of elements, which indicated the degradation of the CRMs, was found during stability monitoring.…”

“…It was well-known that plastic materials were widely used in electrical and electronics equipment; therefore, standard analytical procedures and certified reference materials (CRMs) of hazardous substances in plastics were demanded from relevant industries and societies. According to the requirements, National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) has made efforts to develop plastic CRMs for heavy metal analysis with respective to the RoHS directive. − So far, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), − , polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polypropylene (PP) ,− resin CRMs for the determination of Br, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb were developed. These plastic CRMs were pellet or disk forms and were developed for chemical analysis ,,− or X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, − ,, respectively.…”

Effect of Long-time Heating for Polyvinyl Chloride and Polypropylene Resin Pellet Certified Reference Materials for Heavy Metal Analysis

“…[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] So far, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), [4][5][6][7]9 polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 8 and polypropylene (PP) 8,[10][11][12][13] resin CRMs for the determination of Br, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb have been developed. These plastic CRMs were pellet or disk forms and were developed for chemical analysis 4,8,[10][11][12] or X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, [5][6][7]9,13 respectively. A X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry is expected for direct and speedy analysis of the hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment [14][15][16][17] and also described in the IEC 62321 as a screening method with respect to RoHS directive.…”