Determination of hepatitis C virus genotypes circulating in different districts of Punjab (Pakistan)

Waqar, Muhammad; Khan, Asad; Rehman, Habib ur; Idrees, Muhammad; Wasim, Muhammad; Ali, Amjad; Niaz, Zeeshan; Ismail, Zobia; Rehman, Mujaddad Ur; Tariq, Muhammad; Shah, Muqarrab; Murtaza, Bibi Nazia

doi:10.1097/meg.0b013e328362dc3f

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In recent years several HCV related epidemiological studies have been conducted in Pakistan, which provide an overview of HCV prevalence. However, these investigations were limited to small population size [19, 20] or only to high- risk groups (IDUs, blood donors, health care workers) [21, 22] covering very small geographical regions [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of hepatitis C prevalence in the Punjab province of Pakistan: A retrospective study on general population

et al. 2019

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Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are amongst the leading public health concerns in Pakistan with a high disease burden. Despite the availability of effective antiviral treatments in the country the disease burden in general population has not lowered. This could be attributed to the asymptomatic nature of this infection that results in lack of diagnosis until the late symptomatic stage. To better estimate and map HCV infections in the country a population-based analysis is necessary for an effective control of the infection. Methods Serologic samples of ~66,000 participants from all major cities of the Punjab province were tested for anti-HCV antibodies. The antibody-based seroprevalence was associated with socio-demographic variables including geographical region, age, gender and sex, and occupation. Results Overall serological response to HCV surface antigens was observed in over 17% of the population. Two of the districts were identified with significantly high prevalence in general population. Analysis by occupation showed significantly high prevalence in farmers (over 40%) followed by jobless and retired individuals, laborers and transporters. A significant difference in seroprevalence was observed in different age groups amongst sex and genders (male, female and transgender) with highest response in individuals of over 40 years of age. Moreover, most of the tested IDUs showed positive response for anti-HCV antibody. Conclusion This study represents a retrospective analysis of HCV infections in general population of the most populated province of Pakistan to identify socio-demographic groups at higher risk. Two geographical regions, Faisalabad and Okara districts, and an occupational group, farmers, were identified with significantly high HCV seroprevalence. These socio-demographic groups are the potential focused groups for follow-up studies on factors contributing to the high HCV prevalence in these groups towards orchestrating effective prevention, control and treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of hepatitis C prevalence in the Punjab province of Pakistan: A retrospective study on general population

et al. 2019

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“…Furthermore, HCV genotypes have their own unique pattern of disease development and response to antiviral therapy ( 11 ). To our knowledge, few studies have been conducted on distribution patterns of HCV genotypes in different geographical regions of Pakistan ( 12 , 13 ). As the distribution of HCV genotypes can be changed over time, epidemiological studies may reveal distribution patterns of HCV genotypes among the Pakistani population to facilitate treatment options and preventive strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes in Pakistan

et al. 2014

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Background:Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) genotypes may be changed over time. Epidemiological Studies on distribution patterns of HCV genotypes in Pakistani population might assist for better treatment options and preventive strategies.Objectives:This study was conducted to determine distribution patterns of HCV genotypes in different geographical regions of Pakistan.Patients and Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 1818 randomly selected patients from different geographical regions of Pakistan, diagnosed with HCV infection by the third generation Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), were included between April 2011 and December 2013. HCV RNA was detected in serum samples of patients by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT- PCR) of the core region. Qualitative PCR was performed to determine viral load. HCV genotyping was performed by RT-nested PCR using type-specific primers of the core region. Frequency of different genotypes among patients was assessed according to gender, age and geographical region at the time of sampling.Results:Of 1818 HCV RNA positive samples, HCV genotypes PCR fragments were detected in 1552 (85.5%) samples. HCV genotype 3a was the predominant genotype (39.4%) followed by genotype 2a (24.93%). HCV genotype 3 was the predominant genotype in Punjab and Sindh regions, while genotype 2 was the most predominant genotype in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region and the second predominant genotype after genotype 3 in Sindh region. The incidence of genotype 2a is increasing in our country with decrease in the incidence of genotype 3a. A higher incidence of HCV various genotypes were observed among male patients and those younger than 45 years.Conclusions:This study may facilitate treatment options and preventive strategies in Pakistan.

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“…The mixed subtypes included 2.89% (2/69) as 3a/1b while 1.44% (1/69) as 3a/3b. The untypeable subtypes have been previously reported from different parts of the country in various studies [4][5][6][7][8] for their considerable share in the overall HCV subtypes circulating in Pakistan (Table I). In general, the 3a, 2a, 3b, 1a, 2b, 1b, 4, and mixed) and untypeable HCV subtypes polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based HCV genotyping systems used in Pakistan relies on the method of Idrees [4] and Ohno et al [9] developed in 2008 and 1997, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untypeable hepatitis C virus subtypes in Pakistan: A neglected section

Khan

Nasim

Zahir

et al. 2016

Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica

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Diagnostically untypeable subtypes contribute a considerable percent of hepatitis C virus (HCV) subtypes in Pakistan. In the present study, chronically infected HCV patients with known viremia were subjected to HCV genotyping. Among the total retrieved samples, 92.7% (64/69) were found typeable while 7.24% (5/69) were diagnostically untypeable. In conclusion, the presence of large number of untypeable HCV subtypes emphasizes the need of an updated type-specific genotyping assay and consideration of primers for proportionally rare subtypes to minimize the number of untypeable HCV subtypes.

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Determination of hepatitis C virus genotypes circulating in different districts of Punjab (Pakistan)

Cited by 19 publications

References 29 publications

Estimation of hepatitis C prevalence in the Punjab province of Pakistan: A retrospective study on general population

Estimation of hepatitis C prevalence in the Punjab province of Pakistan: A retrospective study on general population

Geographic Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes in Pakistan

Untypeable hepatitis C virus subtypes in Pakistan: A neglected section

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