Determination of heavy metals and their associated health risk assessment in the commonly available sunblocks

Risk assessment of trace metals in sunblock creams using DABCOnium-based ionic liquid–functionalized magnetic nanoparticles

“…48 There may be adverse health effects associated with skin exposure to Ni, including skin allergies, rashes, cardiovascular disease, and kidney and respiratory tract cancers. 49 As reported earlier, our Ni concentrations were higher than those reported by previous authors 45,46 but comparable to those reported by Ali et al 2…”

“…Based on our measurements, we found that Pb levels in our samples were within the US FDA's regulatory limit of 20 mg kg −1 . 44 In addition, the range of Pb concentrations in sunblock samples was almost similar to that studied previously, 3 although higher than those reported by Ali et al , 2 Ababneh and Al-Momani, 46 and Lim et al 45…”

“…Based on our measurements, we found that Pb levels in our samples were within the US FDA's regulatory limit of 20 mg kg −1 . 44 In addition, the range of Pb concentrations in sunblock samples was almost similar to that studied previously, 3 although higher than those reported by Ali et al, 2 Ababneh and Al-Momani, 46 and Lim et al 45 Correlation of the TMs in sunblock samples. The correlation between TMs in the sunblock samples of different brands was calculated using statistical analysis of their contents, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated.…”

“…Pigments, preservatives, and UV lters containing these TMs are incorporated into sunblock products intentionally. 2,3 The health effects of UV radiation on human skin, eyes, and immune system may be chronic. The sunblock product industry, as well as other cosmetics manufacturers, uses ultraviolet lters as essential components.…”

“…Pigments, preservatives, and UV filters containing these TMs are incorporated into sunblock products intentionally. 2,3…”