Determination of Heats of Adsorption on Carbon Blacks and Bone Mineral by Chromatography Using the Eluted Pulse Technique

Gale, R. L.; Beebe, Ralph A.

doi:10.1021/j100785a020

Cited by 90 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…in previously reported studies (8,9,10) and is confirmed by a t least a portion of the measurements reported here. IHowever, in the case of systems involvi~lg either very active adsorbents such as AgX or relatively large adsorbate molecules such as propane and butane there is a clear suggestion that the gas chromatographic retention volulnes and heats of adsorption may be low as compared with the equilibrium values.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Adsorptive and Gas Chromatographic Properties of Various Cationic Forms of Zeolite X

Habgood¹

1964

Can. J. Chem.

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Gas chromatographic retention volumes for 02, N?, CHI, CLHC, C3H8, ClHlO, C?Hi, and C~H B have been ~neasured over a range of temperatures between 25 and 400 "C, on colun~ns of the following ion-exchanged forms of zeolite S: Li+, Na+, I<+, Mg++, Ca++, Ba++, and Ag+. In addition, for i \ g S ~eolite, full isotherms have been determined for 02, N?, C~M C , and CzH4; and for N a S zeolite, isotherms for C?HC and C?H I. The gas chromatographic retention volumes agree well with the isotherms in the case of NaX but are significantly low for AgX, presumably as the result of a t least a portion of the adsorption process being sloxv. The heats of adsorption on N a X agree well with literature values for 02, N?, CH4, and C?Hc but are lo^ for CaHs and CaHlo; further indication of sloxv processes and hencc of a limitation of the g.c. technique. The observations can be correlated q~~alitatively in terms of the interplay of the following effects: ( a ) cationic held increases with decreasing ionic radius; ( b ) shielding of smaller cations is greater-at least in the six-membered oxygen-ring sites; (c) divalent cations, while having greater fielcls, are only half the number of nlonovalent cations and tend to be found in less exposed sites; and ( d ) the polarizing power of silver ion, xhich also occupies all types of exposed sites, is very strong. The most intense interactions were found with AgX; with ethylene a much stronger complex is formed than has been reported for any other silver compound. T h e significance of molecular quadrupole interactions on these heteroionic surfaces is shown by the much weaker cationic effects observed with 0 2 (which has negligible quadrupole moment) than with nitrogen.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Adsorptive and Gas Chromatographic Properties of Various Cationic Forms of Zeolite X

Habgood¹

1964

Can. J. Chem.

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“…This desorption energy is most likely related to the breaking of water-water bonds in hydrogen-bonded aggregates on the surface, and the value should be interpreted as an upper limit for the strength of the water-graphite bond. Gale and Beebe [25] used gas-solid chromatography to measure the heat of adsorption of water on carbon blacks and found values between 0.19 and 0.26 eV. The clusters have an incident kinetic energy of 0.16 eV/mol (1300 m/s) in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Ionization of water clusters by collisions with graphite surfaces

Andersson

Pettersson

1997

Z Phys D - Atoms, Molecules and Clusters

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We present experimental results on the scattering of neutral water clusters from graphite surfaces. We use cluster beams with an average cluster size up to 3700 molecules and an incident velocity of 1300 m/s, and study the emission of negatively and positively charged cluster fragments from the surface. The ionization probability is found to depend on cluster size and surface temperature, and for a given mean cluster size the emission rate of positive and negative cluster ions follows the Arrhenius equation. In the surface temperature range 950-1450 K, activation energies of 0.52±0.02 and 3.1 ± 0.3 eV are determined for the emission of positive and negative ions, respectively. The emission of negative cluster fragments is attributed to electron transfer from the surface, and we estimate an electron affinity of 1.4 ± 0.3 eV for large water clusters. Positive cluster fragments are proposed to be formed by dissocative ionization inside the cluster, followed by removal of the negative ion during surface contact.

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“…Chromatography yields heat of adsorption values that approach the true values of the potential energy of interaction computed for adsorption of individual molecules, whereas calorimetry yields much higher values due to contribution from adsorbate-adsorbent interactions as well as adsorbate-adsorbate interactions. The method has been used successfully to measure heats of interaction for the adsorption of various classes of organic compounds on graphitized carbon black (Belyakova et al, 1964;Kiselev et al, 1964 a,b;and Gale and Beebe, 1964), on cationic zeolites (Eberly, 1961), and on dimethyldioctadecylammonium bentonite (White and Cowan, 1958).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Montmorillonite-Organic Complexes - Gas Chromatographic Determination of Energies of Interactions

Bissada¹

1969

Clays and clay miner.

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Abstract-Gas-solid chromatographic measurements of interaction energies were made for the systems ethanol and acetone with K-, Na-, Ba-, and Ca-montmorillonites. The results revealed an increased interaction energy in the order: K-mont. < Na-mont. < Ba-mont. < Ca-mont.Interaction energies ranged from about 14 kcal/mole for K-montmorillonite to about 30 kcal/mole for Ca-montmorillonite. A very good agreement was observed between experimental heats of adsorption values and theoretical values for the electrostatic attractive energy between the respective cations and polar molecules.These results confirm our earlier suggestions that complex formation takes place through cationdipole interactions and that the polar molecules solvate the exchange cations in a manner similar to the hydration of cations in aqueous solutions.

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Determination of Heats of Adsorption on Carbon Blacks and Bone Mineral by Chromatography Using the Eluted Pulse Technique

Cited by 90 publications

References 3 publications

Adsorptive and Gas Chromatographic Properties of Various Cationic Forms of Zeolite X

Adsorptive and Gas Chromatographic Properties of Various Cationic Forms of Zeolite X

Ionization of water clusters by collisions with graphite surfaces

Montmorillonite-Organic Complexes - Gas Chromatographic Determination of Energies of Interactions

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