Determination of groundwater threshold values: A methodological approach

Bulut, Onur; Duru, Burcu; Çakmak, Özgür; Günhan, Özgür; Dilek, Filiz B.; Yetış, Ülkü

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120001

Cited by 30 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In this way, the remaining values can be considered as NBL (Urresti-Estala et al 2013). In both the Iterative 2σ and CDF method, determining acceptable NBLs for different compounds is depends on the frequency distribution of the data set as well as their nature (Bulut et al 2020).…”

Section: Methods Of Calculating Nblsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In cases where the distance between the minimum and maximum concentrations of chemical components is very large, these methods do not provide a good result for the NBL calculation because in this case, the data mode is too large and this eliminates a large number of samples to establish a normal distribution. (Bulut et al 2020).…”

Section: Calculating the Nblsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a highly practical method, Nakic et al (2007) showed that removing outliers from the data set of some compounds in an iterative process can lead to their normal distribution and NBL determination. Kelly and Panno (2008), Rodrigues et al (2013), Urresti-Estala et al (2013), Preziosi et al (2014), Salomão et al (2018), Salomão et al (2019), Bulut et al (2020), Gao et al (2020) and Duan et al (2020) used Iterative 2σ and CDF methods to determine the NBL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Integrated Statistical-Graphical Approach for the Appraisal of the Natural Background Levels of Major Ions and Some Potentially Toxic Elements in the Groundwater of Urmia Aquifer, Iran

Amiri

Nakhaei

Lak

et al. 2021

Preprint

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In this study, we attempted to calculate the Natural Background Level (NBL) for 19 selected chemical compounds in the Urmia aquifer, northwestern Iran. In this study, combined methods including pre-selection and statistical methods for determining NBL have been used. In the pre-selection method, the concentration of nitrate (NO3 ≥ 19.97 ppm) and chloride (Cl ≥ 200 ppm) were used as the main criteria to identify and eliminate samples affected by human activities. The selected concentration of nitrate is determined using the comparison of the results of various statistical and graphical evaluations including Quantile-Quantile plot (Q-Q plot), Box & Whisker plot (BW), Box & Whisker plot Iterative (BWI), Grubbs test, Mean and standard deviation (mean ± 2σ) (MSD), and median absolute deviation (MAD). After identifying the final data set, the NBL of the selected chemical compounds was calculated by two techniques including the Iterative 2σ technique (2σ) and calculated distribution function (CDF). Due to higher concentration relative to the reference values (REF), this study has focused on the calculation of NBL of SO4, F, As, Fe and Mn. Results showed that the upper limit of NBL calculated for these variables is about 125 ppm, 1 ppm, 8.5 ppb, 570 ppb, 80 ppb, respectively. Given that no study has been conducted to determine the NBL of chemical compounds in groundwater in Iran, the results of this study can be a roadmap for decision-makers and researchers to better manage this aquifer and other water resources in this country with limited freshwater resources.

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Section: Methods Of Calculating Nblsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Calculating the Nblsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Integrated Statistical-Graphical Approach for the Appraisal of the Natural Background Levels of Major Ions and Some Potentially Toxic Elements in the Groundwater of Urmia Aquifer, Iran

Amiri

Nakhaei

Lak

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The Gediz River Basin, located in the Aegean region of Turkey, is one of the largest out of 25 major watersheds and most water-stressed river basins in the country. The basement is formed by metamorphic rocks of the Menderes Massive (Bulut et al 2020;DSI 2014) covered by Quaternary basalts and alluvium units. There are 76 groundwater bodies or aquifers consisting of different lithological units (TUBITAK-MAM 2018).…”

Section: Studied Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land Subsidence Analysis Caused by Aquifer Overexploitation Using Gep Tools: A-Dinsar on the Cloud

Brú

Ezquerro

Guardiola‐Albert

et al. 2021

Proceedings - 3rd Congress in Geomatics Engineering - CIGeo

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Groundwater is a vitally important resource for humans. One of the main problems derived from the overexploitation ofaquifers is land subsidence, which in turn carries other associated natural risks. Advanced Differential satellite radarinterferometry (A-DInSAR) techniques provide valuable information on the surface displacements of the ground, whichserve to characterize both the deformational behaviour of the aquifer and its properties. RESERVOIR is a research projectbelonging to the European PRIMA programme, whose main objective is to design sustainable groundwater managementmodels through the study of four areas of the Mediterranean subjected to water stress. One of the main tasks of the projectis the integration of the terrain deformation data obtained with satellite remote sensing techniques in the hydrogeologicaland geomechanical models of the aquifers. In the present work, a first evaluation of the deformation of the ground in eachstudy area is carried out using the tools contained in the Geohazards Exploitation Platform (GEP). This is a service financedby the European Space Agency (ESA) that allows processing directly on its server, without need to store data orapplications locally.

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“…In addition, natural background populations are often not lognormal [8,46,47]. With the inapplicability of such standardized procedures, careful statistical identification and critical analysis of the outliers of the compound of concern for NBLs can be a reasonable way to eliminate the most likely anthropic inputs [48].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deriving Natural Background Levels of Arsenic at the Meso-Scale Using Site-Specific Datasets: An Unorthodox Method

Filippini

Zanotti

Bonomi

et al. 2021

Water

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Arsenic is found in groundwater above regulatory limits in many countries and its origin is often from natural sources, making the definition of Natural Background Levels (NBLs) crucial. NBL is commonly assessed based on either dedicated small-scale monitoring campaigns or large-scale national/regional groundwater monitoring networks that may not grab local-scale heterogeneities. An alternative method is represented by site-specific monitoring networks in contaminated/polluted sites under remediation. As a main drawback, groundwater quality at these sites is affected by human activities. This paper explores the potential for groundwater data from an assemblage of site-specific datasets of contaminated/polluted sites to define NBLs of arsenic (As) at the meso-scale (order of 1000 km2). Common procedures for the assessment of human influence cannot be applied to this type of dataset due to limited data homogeneity. Thus, an “unorthodox” method is applied involving the definition of a consistent working dataset followed by a statistical identification and critical analysis of the outliers. The study was conducted in a highly anthropized area (Ferrara, N Italy), where As concentrations often exceed national threshold limits in a shallow aquifer. The results show that site-specific datasets, if properly pre-treated, are an effective alternative for the derivation of NBLs when regional monitoring networks fail to catch local-scale variability.

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Determination of groundwater threshold values: A methodological approach

Cited by 30 publications

References 27 publications

An Integrated Statistical-Graphical Approach for the Appraisal of the Natural Background Levels of Major Ions and Some Potentially Toxic Elements in the Groundwater of Urmia Aquifer, Iran

An Integrated Statistical-Graphical Approach for the Appraisal of the Natural Background Levels of Major Ions and Some Potentially Toxic Elements in the Groundwater of Urmia Aquifer, Iran

Land Subsidence Analysis Caused by Aquifer Overexploitation Using Gep Tools: A-Dinsar on the Cloud

Deriving Natural Background Levels of Arsenic at the Meso-Scale Using Site-Specific Datasets: An Unorthodox Method

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