Determination of grated hard cheese adulteration by digital image analysis and multivariate analysis

Assessment of cheese frauds, and relevant detection methods: A systematic review

“… ( Visconti et al, 2020 ) Argentina Grated hard cheeses Higher rate of additives The image analysis had a high sensitivity (82 %) and could detect additive in samples. ( Visconti et al, 2023 ) Italy Grated hard cheeses Different ingredient δ 13 C, δ 2 H, δ 15 N, δ 34 S and Sr, Cu, Mo, Re, Na, U, Bi, Ni, Fe, Mn, Ga, Se, and Li were analyzed in the stable isotope ratio method and found 260 out of 264 samples have the correct classification. ( Camin et al, 2012 ) Italy Derived Mozzarella Bovine's Casein – ( Addeo, Pizzano, Nicolai, Caira, & Chianese, 2009 ) Brazil Buffalo cheese Cow's milk The sensory analysis was used for the detection of Adulteration.…”

“…Adulteration included additives such as cellulose and silicon dioxide and foreign substances. ( Visconti et al, 2023 ) Italy Mozzarella Bovine and water buffalo milk Duplex-PCR was able to detect very low concentrations of DNA (1 pg). ( Rea et al, 2001 ) Spain Mozzarella Cow's milk The mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene was detected up to a threshold of 0.1 % by PCR method.…”

“… Visconti, Vargas, Rodríguez, Di Anibal, and Delrieux (2023) investigated adulteration in grated hard cheeses. Their chosen method was an analysis of data obtained from image analysis.…”

“…After analyzing the results, the method had a high sensitivity of 82 % and was able to detect adulterated samples. They concluded that the use of image analysis methods could be one of the fast and accurate methods to evaluate adulteration in grated hard cheeses ( Visconti et al, 2023 ).…”