Determination of glucocorticoids using cosurfactants ultrasonic-thermostatic-assisted cloud point extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography
Abstract:Foi desenvolvida uma nova abordagem de extração no ponto nuvem assistida por cossurfactantes ultrassônicos-termostáticos (CUS-CPE), combinada à cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e detecção por ultavioleta (CLAE-UV), para a análise de glicocorticoides (dipropionato de beclometasona (BD), butirato de hidrocortisona (HB) e fenilpropionato de nandrolona (NPP)) em amostras de urina humana. Neste estudo, quatro sistemas de extração diferentes no ponto nuvem (CPE) são discutidos, incluindo ácido nonanoico e o… Show more
A cloud point extraction (CPE) process using the two nonionic surfactants, Tergitol 15-S-9 and Tergitol 15-S-7, mixtures of secondary ethoxylated alcohols, to extract selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from aqueous solutions at 25°C was investigated. Cloud point temperatures (CPTs) of selected nonionic surfactants were studied against the effect of added electrolytes on their cloud points. Sodium iodide could increase the cloud points of selected nonionic surfactants, i.e., the salt-in effect, whereas sodium chloride, sodium phosphate and sodium sulfate could decrease the cloud point, i.e., the salt-out effect. Cloud point temperatures (CPTs) of these micellar solutions were regulated and reduced enough with addition of sodium phosphate and sodium sulfate, so that the cloud point extraction (CPE) process could be facilitated at 25°C. It was found that a higher preconcentration factor could be achieved in the micellar solution having a lower surfactant concentration. The average preconcentration factor was also discussed as a function of surfactant concentration used in the CPE process.
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