Determination of ginsenoside Rg3 in plasma by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography for pharmacokinetic study

Wang, Hailin; Zou, Hanfa; Kong, Liang; Zhang, Yukui; Pang, Huan; Su, C Y; Liu, Guoyou; Ming, Hui; Fu, Li

doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00238-8

Cited by 41 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A pharmacokinetic study on human subjects using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry demonstrated that after intake of 20(S)-Rg3 (60 mg), the plasma concentration of 20(S)-Rg3 ranged from 2.5 to 1000 ng/ml (0.003-1.278 M) (Wang et al, 1999;Zhao et al, 2010), which is relatively lower than the concentration used in the present study (10 M). However, as herbal tonics with low toxicity, ginseng and ginsenosides are consumed regularly to improve vitality in Eastern countries.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Cytoprotective Effect of 20(S)-Rg3 on Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced DNA Damage

Poon¹,

Kwok²,

Yue³

et al. 2011

Drug Metab Dispos

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Cytoprotective Effect of 20(S)-Rg3 on Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced DNA Damage

Poon¹,

Kwok²,

Yue³

et al. 2011

Drug Metab Dispos

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“…The t max for ginsenosides in human blood is 60 minutes; thus, we provided the meal after the 60-minute measurement. 15 Accordingly, the effect of NAG on BP was determined during fasting and after a nutritionally complete breakfast, mimicking a typical morning. Each participant remained seated for the entire protocol and consumed 1 of either the 6 NAGs or 2 placebos per visit but consumed all treatments in total.…”

Section: Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

North American Ginseng Exerts a Neutral Effect on Blood Pressure in Individuals With Hypertension

et al. 2005

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Abstract-An early observational study suggested that ginseng could elevate blood pressure. This caused concern because 4.5% of American adults use ginseng, with a popular choice being North American ginseng. To date, North American ginseng lacks hemodynamic evaluation; therefore, we conducted a randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial to investigate its effect on blood pressure in 16 hypertensive individuals (meanϮSD age 61.1Ϯ8.1 years; systolic/diastolic blood pressure 132.4Ϯ12.8/83.3Ϯ8.1 mm Hg; 13 on antihypertensives). We used 6 batches of North American ginseng root that varied in quality and ginsenoside content, representing the spectrum of this ginseng on the market. On 8 mornings, each participant was fitted with an ambulatory blood pressure monitor, which measured blood pressure during a 30-minute baseline period. Each participant then consumed in a randomized and double-blind fashion 3 g of encapsulated treatment: placebo (on 2 mornings) or powdered North American ginseng (on 6 mornings). After treatment, blood pressure was measured every 10 minutes for 160 minutes, and its change at each post-treatment time point relative to baseline was determined per individual and averaged, and the mean was obtained for the overall 160-minute period. None of the North American ginsengs or their mean differed from placebo in their effect on overall (160 minutes) mean blood pressure change. None affected blood pressure versus placebo at the 10-minute intervals; but their mean versus placebo increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 140 and 160 minutes, respectively, and lowered diastolic blood pressure at 100 minutes. 2,3 This is based on an observational study by Siegel published Ͼ25 years ago, which found that hypertension developed in 14 adults reporting the use of ginseng root. 4 In response, medical commentaries recommend that hypertensive individuals avoid ginseng. 3 More recently, animal studies 5,6 and randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) 7,8 show that Panax ginseng, the most consumed species of ginseng in the United States, exerts a neutral or lowering effect on BP. Although these outcomes contrast Siegel's finding, it should be noted that they pertain to a single ginseng species. Another commonly consumed species of ginseng in the United States is P quinquefolius, or North American ginseng (NAG), which ranks second to P ginseng for use. Together, these species comprise most of the ginseng that Ϸ9 million American adults consume annually. 9 However, to date, the effect of NAG on BP is unknown and could be important to address because this herb is used widely and acts biologically different from other ginseng species. 10 The importance of determining the effect of NAG on BP also holds from a phytochemical perspective. All ginsengs contain a group of triterpene glycosides called ginsenosides, which show antihypertensive efficacy in animals. Because the content of NAG and profile of ginsenosides differs from P ginseng, its potential effect on BP cannot be inferred from the latter and requir...

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“…Compared to the previous PK studies of individual ginsenoside Rd [33,34], ginsenoside Rg 1 [35], 20(R)-and 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg 2 [8], and 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg 3 [31,36,37] after intravenous administration to animals or healthy volunteers, we have investigated three couples of 20(R)-and 20(S)-epimers simultaneously by LC-ESI-MS/MS, which possesses higher sensitivity and precision. On the contrary, the PK studies of individual ginsenoside was simple and uncomplicated, it is well-known that interactions from complex constituents of traditional Chinese medicines could substantially affect the PK profiles of targeted compounds, therefore, the research of PK on eight ginsenosides of GTSSL here will be useful for drug development in future.…”

Section: Pharmacokinetics Of Gtsslmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Determination of Eight Ginsenosides in Rat Plasma by Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Application to Their Pharmacokinetics

Ma¹,

Zhang²,

Zhou³

et al. 2015

Molecules

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(8) in rat plasma. The established rapid method had high linearity, selectivity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. The method has been used successfully to study the pharmacokinetics of abovementioned eight ginsenosides for the first time. After an oral administration of total saponins in the stems-leaves of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (GTSSL) at a dose of 400 mg/kg, the ginsenosides 6, 7, and 8, belonging to protopanaxadiol-type saponins, exhibited relatively long t max values, suggesting that they were slowly absorbed, while the ginsenosides 1-5, belonging to protopanaxatriol-type saponins, had different t max values, which should be due to their differences in the substituted groups. Compounds 2 and 4, 3 and 5, 7 and 8 were three pairs of R/S epimerics at C-20, which was interesting that the t 1/2 of 20(S)-epimers were always longer than those of 20(R)-epimers. This pharmacokinetic identification of multiple ginsenosides of GTSSL in rat plasma provides a significant basis for better understanding the clinical application of GTSSL.

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Determination of ginsenoside Rg3 in plasma by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography for pharmacokinetic study

Cited by 41 publications

References 9 publications

Cytoprotective Effect of 20(S)-Rg3 on Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced DNA Damage

Cytoprotective Effect of 20(S)-Rg3 on Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced DNA Damage

North American Ginseng Exerts a Neutral Effect on Blood Pressure in Individuals With Hypertension

Simultaneous Determination of Eight Ginsenosides in Rat Plasma by Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Application to Their Pharmacokinetics

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