Determination of free-form of cocaine in rat brain by liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry with in vivo microdialysis

Fuh, Ming‐Ren; Tai, Yu-Lun; Pan, Wynn H.T.

doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00531-4

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Therefore, further verification was carried out by LC-MS-MS. ) and the product ion was 182. The result is consistent with that previously reported by Fuh et al (2001).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Several analytical methods have been reported for the measurement of cocaine in various biological fluids including liquid chromatography (LC) (Raje et al, 2002), LC-mass spectrometry (MS; Fuh et al, 2001;Tanaka et al, 2002), LC-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS; Xia et al, 2000;Dams et al, 2003), gas chromatography (GC; Virag et al, 1994;Farina et al, (Smirnow and Logan, 1996;Garside et al, 1997;Shimomura et al, 2001). Before the measurement of cocaine in biological fluids, sample preparation to remove proteins, such as protein precipitation (Smirnow and Logan 1996), liquid-liquid extraction (Garside et al, 1997;Farina et al, 2002;Raje et al, 2002) and solid-liquid extraction (Giovanni and Rossi 1994;Virag et al, 1994;Shimomura et al, 2001), has been used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the microdialysate samples are protein-free, making it possible for coupling of the microdialysis to the liquid chromatographic analysis with no sample clean-up required. The use of microdialysis coupled to LCelectrospray mass spectrometry for the determination of free cocaine in the rat brain has been reported (Fuh et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of unbound cocaine in blood, brain and bile of anesthetized rats using microdialysis coupled with liquid chromatography and veriﬁed by tandem mass spectrometry

Chen¹,

Chang²,

Wang

et al. 2005

Biomedical Chromatography

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To investigate the disposition of unbound cocaine in the rat blood, brain and bile, we demonstrate an in vivo multiple sampling microdialysis system coupled with liquid chromatography for cocaine assay and verified by tandem mass spectrometry. Three microdialysis probes were concurrently inserted into the jugular vein, bile duct and brain striatum of each anesthetized rat. After a period of 2 h post-surgical stabilization, cocaine (10 mg kg(-1)) was administered through the femoral vein. Separation of unbound cocaine from various biological fluids was applied to a reversed-phase C(18) column (250 x 4.6 mm I.D., 5 microm). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile--10 mm potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (25:75, v/v, pH 4.0) and 0.8% diethylamine at a flow rate of 1 mL min(-1). The UV detector wavelength was set at 235 nm. The results indicate that cocaine penetrates the blood--brain barrier with a rapid distribution. However, unbound cocaine in the bile dialysate was not detectable in the UV detection. We therefore use LC--tandem mass spectrometry to detect the bile fluid after cocaine administration (3 mg kg(-1), i.v.). The results indicate that cocaine goes through hepatobiliary excretion.

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“…Therefore, further verification was carried out by LC-MS-MS. ) and the product ion was 182. The result is consistent with that previously reported by Fuh et al (2001).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Measurement of unbound cocaine in blood, brain and bile of anesthetized rats using microdialysis coupled with liquid chromatography and veriﬁed by tandem mass spectrometry

Chen¹,

Chang²,

Wang

et al. 2005

Biomedical Chromatography

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show abstract

“…This corresponded to loss of the benzoic acid sub- Fuh et al [70] have recently determined the free form of cocaine in rat brain by HPLC-ESI-MS with in vivo microdialysis. The [M1H]…”

Section: Cocainementioning

confidence: 99%

A critical evaluation of high performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionisation‐mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis‐ electrospray‐mass spectrometry for the detection and determination of small molecules of significance in clinical and forensic science

Smyth¹,

Brooks

2004

Electrophoresis

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A critical review of applications for the period 2000-2003, taken from the Web of Knowledge database, of the techniques high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) and capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS) to the detection and determination of small molecules of significance in clinical and forensic science is presented. The molecules of mass less than 500 Da are chosen according to selected structural classes in which they give ESI signals primarily as [M+H](+) ions although other ions such as [M-H](-), [M+Na](+) and [M+NH(4)](+) are also reported. The structural classes are drugs with amine-containing side chains, drugs with N-containing saturated ring structures, 1,4-benzodiazepines, carbohydrates, benzimidazoles, other heterocycles, sulphonylureas, anthracyclines, sulphonamides, penicillins, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, nitrocatechols, steroids, flavonoids, oxazaphosphorines, cannabinols, and miscellaneous molecules. Details are given on the fragmentations, where available, that these ionic species exhibit in-source and in ion-trap, triple quadrupole and time-of-flight mass spectrometers. The review then gives a critical evaluation of these recent HPLC-ESI-MS and CE-ESI-MS analytical methods for the detection and determination of small molecules of clinical and forensic significance. Analytical information on, for example, sample concentration techniques, HPLC and CE separation conditions, recoveries from biological media and limits of detection (LODs) are provided.

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“…However, sensitive analytical methods are required to determine the analytes because concentrations of the analytes in microdialysate are generally low and quite small size of sample can be obtained (Lange et al, 2000;Plock and Kloft, 2005; Nakashimaon pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions of many drugs (e.g. cocaine, triazolam, phentermine and fenfluramine) using microdialysis have been reported (Fuh et al, 2001;Nakashima et al, 2003;Kaddoumi et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive determination of MDMA and its metabolite MDA in rat blood and brain microdialysates by HPLC with fluorescence detection

Tomita

Nakashima

Wada

et al. 2007

Biomedical Chromatography

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Simultaneous determination of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) in rat blood and brain microdialysates by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FL) was developed. Microdialysates were directly subjected to derivatization with 4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzoyl chloride (DIB-Cl). The DIB-derivatives of MDMA, MDA and the internal standard, 1-methyl-3-phenylpropylamine (MPPA), were isocratically separated on an ODS column using a mixture of 50 mm phosphate buffer (pH 7.0)-acetonitrile-methanol-2-propanol (50:45:5:2, v/v/v/v %) as an eluent at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. The calibration curves of MDA and MDMA spiked to blood and brain microdialysates were linear over the ranges 2.5-500 and 5.0-1000 ng/mL, respectively. The detection limits of MDA and MDMA were 1.2 and 4.2 for blood and 1.3 and 4.8 ng/mL for brain, respectively. Additionally, the intra- and the inter-assay precisions were lower than 5.6% for the blood and brain microdialysates (n = 4). The proposed method was successfully applied for the monitoring of MDMA and its metabolite MDA in rat blood and brain microdialysates, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of MDMA and MDA in the microdialysates after administration of MDMA (5 mg/kg, i.p.) with or without caffeine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) were evaluated.

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Determination of free-form of cocaine in rat brain by liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry with in vivo microdialysis

Cited by 23 publications

References 21 publications

Measurement of unbound cocaine in blood, brain and bile of anesthetized rats using microdialysis coupled with liquid chromatography and veriﬁed by tandem mass spectrometry

Measurement of unbound cocaine in blood, brain and bile of anesthetized rats using microdialysis coupled with liquid chromatography and veriﬁed by tandem mass spectrometry

A critical evaluation of high performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionisation‐mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis‐ electrospray‐mass spectrometry for the detection and determination of small molecules of significance in clinical and forensic science

Sensitive determination of MDMA and its metabolite MDA in rat blood and brain microdialysates by HPLC with fluorescence detection

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