Determination of Free Calcium and Magnesium Concentrations in Urine Samples by an Ion Exchange-Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy Method

Ren, Hongji; Kratochvil, Byron

doi:10.1080/03067319508042886

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The measured [Cd 2þ ], [Cu 2þ ], and [Zn 2þ ] were generally close to those obtained by ISE or speciation calculations although in some cases, neutral and cationic metal complexes are also bound to the hydrophobic domains of the resin particles and interfere with the free metal determinations (Fortin and Campbell, 1998;Sweileh et al 1987). Recently, in a study of [Ca 2þ ] and [Mg 2þ ] in urine samples, Ren and Kratochvil (1995) calibrated the column IET using a set of standard solutions with a range of major cation concentrations. Recently, in a study of [Ca 2þ ] and [Mg 2þ ] in urine samples, Ren and Kratochvil (1995) calibrated the column IET using a set of standard solutions with a range of major cation concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Equilibrium Speciation of Cadmium, Copper, and Lead in Soil Solutions

Sauvé

Hendershot

2005

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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Determination of chemical speciation of trace metals may help us to better understand the bioavailability and toxicity to living organisms in terrestrial and aquatic environments. This paper reports the speciation data of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) in soil solutions sampled from areas around metal smelters. A column ion exchange technique (IET) using a cation exchange resin was applied to determine the concentrations of Cd 2þ , Cu 2þ , and Pb 2þ . It was shown that the pH and the amount of calcium (Ca) in solutions affected the distribution of metal ions to the resin. In the synthetic solutions involving Cl, SO 4 , and citrate, the metal-ligand complexes did not affect the measurement of free metal ions by the IET. In soil solutions, the concentrations of free ions were affected by solution pH, varying within 10 29 -10 27 M for Cd, 10 29 -10 26 M for Cu, and 10 29 -10 27 M for Pb. The IET results were comparable to those measured by Cu-ion selective electrode (ISE) and anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). These findings suggest that the IET can be applied to soil solutions for metal speciation measurements.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Equilibrium Speciation of Cadmium, Copper, and Lead in Soil Solutions

Sauvé

Hendershot

2005

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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“…Since the final acid elution step yields not only the trace elements that were bound to the resin, but also the concentrations of Ca and Mg ({R 2 Ca} and {R 2 Mg}), we decided to explore the possibility of relating the distribution coefficient, k M,I , to these two indicators. Note that a similar approach was used by Ren and Kratochvil (1995) to determine free Ca and Mg concentrations in urine samples of varying ionic strength. To test this approach, we prepared standard solutions with different ionic compositions (ranging between 50-1400 lM Ca and 11-590 lM Mg) and known trace element concentrations.…”

Section: Determination Of K MI (Calibration)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an In Situ Ion-Exchange Technique for the Determination of Free Cd, Co, Ni, and Zn Concentrations in Freshwaters

et al. 2015

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It is now well established that the bioavailability of metals toward aquatic organisms varies as a function of the free metal concentration. The ion-exchange technique (IET), which consists of equilibrating a calibrated cation-exchange resin with the water sample, is one of the few existing speciation methods that provide sufficient sensitivity and specificity to measure free metals in natural waters. In the present study, we developed an in situ IET (field-IET) in which the resin was directly equilibrated on site using dialysis cassettes. The field-IET was tested in six Canadian Shield lakes and in the Athabasca River (AB, Canada) for Cd 2? , Co 2? (only in the Athabasca River), Ni 2? , and Zn 2? . Measurements were compared with those obtained on samples collected from the same sites with in situ diffusion samplers and analyzed in the laboratory (lab-IET). IET results were also compared with predictions from the Windermere Humic Aqueous Model [WHAM VII; the Co and Ni carbonato complex formation constants were updated according to the US National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST compilation)]. Good agreement was obtained between the field-IET and the lab-IET for Co 2? and Ni 2? concentrations, but field-IET Cd 2? and Zn 2? concentrations were systematically higher than the lab-IET results (factors of *1.59 and *2.49, respectively). Uncertainties in the field-IET resin calibration and a significant Zn contamination could explain these results. WHAM VII predicted the free metal concentrations reasonably well, except for Ni 2? concentrations in the lakes, probably due to inappropriate formation constants for complexation of Ni with Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (dissolved organic matter. This study showed that the field-IET, with its relative simplicity and its low detection limits, could be a useful method for the determination of free metal concentrations in acidic to neutral freshwaters.

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“…Assumption 1 can be ignored if samples are of high ionic strength since the method can be calibrated for a matrix of varying salt composition (Ren and Kratochvil 1995). The second assumption can be easily confirmed by analyzing the eluant for the counter-ions (e.g., [Na] [ [ [M]).…”

Section: Theory Of Ietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Free Nickel Ion Concentrations Using the Ion Exchange Technique: Application to Aqueous Mining and Municipal Effluents

et al. 2008

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Free metal ion concentration is generally considered a useful indicator of a metal's bioavailability and ecotoxicity to aquatic biota. This article reports the speciation of nickel in mining and municipal effluents from Sudbury (Ontario, Canada), and also in model solutions containing a fully characterized laurentian fulvic acid (LFA) at environmentally relevant concentrations. A column ion exchange technique (IET) using a cation exchange resin (Dowex 50W-X8) was applied to determine free nickel ion concentrations. In model solutions, reasonable correlation was found between the predictions of an equilibrium-based computer speciation code, Windermere Humic Aqueous Model (WHAM) VI, and the results obtained by IET at low nickel-to-fulvic acid ratios. However at higher mole ratios, the WHAM VI predicted higher free nickel ion concentrations than IET. Only three out of six effluent samples showed reasonable agreement between the IET and the WHAM VI results, indicating the need for further development of IET for application to effluent waters.

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Determination of Free Calcium and Magnesium Concentrations in Urine Samples by an Ion Exchange-Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy Method

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Equilibrium Speciation of Cadmium, Copper, and Lead in Soil Solutions

Equilibrium Speciation of Cadmium, Copper, and Lead in Soil Solutions

Development of an In Situ Ion-Exchange Technique for the Determination of Free Cd, Co, Ni, and Zn Concentrations in Freshwaters

Determination of Free Nickel Ion Concentrations Using the Ion Exchange Technique: Application to Aqueous Mining and Municipal Effluents

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