Determination of Free Bile Acids in Raw Materials and Bulk Products by HPLC and GC

Scalia, Santo; Cova, Umberto; Fogagnolo, Marco; Landi, S.; Medici, Alessandro

doi:10.1080/00032719408007436

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…4A). This is in accordance with earlier investigations (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26). However, those methods used ultraviolet detection at 200-210 nm and, therefore, are limited by poor absorptivity of BA and high absorptivity of impurities.…”

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confidence: 77%

“…In addition, upper small intestinal fluid in normal subjects contains almost exclusively conjugated BAs, which can be analyzed directly with HPLC without prior removal of the conjugating moiety, in contrast to gas chromatographic methods, which require ion-exchange separation into taurine, glycine, and free BA classes before deconjugation, derivatization, and analysis. Numerous applications of HPLC for the separation of BAs (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26) and lipid classes have been reported (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41). Silversand and Haux (42) have published a method for the analysis of neutral and polar lipids in fish eggs that uses two different straightphase systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous assessment of lipid classes and bile acids in human intestinal fluid by solid-phase extraction and HPLC methods

Persson

Löfgren

Hansson

et al. 2007

Journal of Lipid Research

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The purpose of the study reported here was to develop a method for the determination of lipid classes in intestinal fluids, including bile acids (BAs). A solid-phase extraction (SPE) method using C18 and silica columns for the separation of BAs, phospholipids (PLs), and neutral lipids (NLs), including free fatty acids, has been developed and validated. Fed-state small intestinal fluid collected from humans was treated with orlistat to inhibit lipolysis and mixed with acetic acid and methanol before SPE to maximize lipid recoveries. BAs, PLs, and NLs were isolated using lipophilic and polar solvents to promote elution from the SPE columns. The different lipid classes were subsequently analyzed using three separately optimized HPLC methods with evaporative light-scattering detectors. High recoveries (.90%) of all lipids evaluated were observed, with low coefficients of variation (,5%). The HPLC methods developed were highly reproducible and allowed baseline separation of nearly all lipid classes investigated.

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confidence: 77%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous assessment of lipid classes and bile acids in human intestinal fluid by solid-phase extraction and HPLC methods

Persson

Löfgren

Hansson

et al. 2007

Journal of Lipid Research

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“…The former is utilized in the synthesis of cortisone [1] and for the disruption of virus particles in the production of influenza vaccines [2]. CA is employed as the starting reagent [3][4][5] for the synthesis of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) (see Figure 1) which are extensively used as therapeutic agents for the treatment of cholesterol gall-stones [6] and in the therapy of cholestatic liver diseases [7,8].…”

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confidence: 99%

Supercritical fluid extraction of bile acids from bovine bile raw materials

et al. 1998

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SummaryThe use of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) as an alternative to conventional liquid extraction has been investigated for the isolation of bile acids (cholic acid, deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid) from the solid material obtained by bovine bile hydrolysis. Initial studies indicated that the bile acids are not soluble in supercritical CO2, consequently the addition of the polar modifier methanol to the CO2 extracting fluid was evaluated. Quantitative recoveries (> 88.5 %) were obtained for the bile acids in 20 rain with 15 % (v/v) methanol in CO2 at 220 atm and 70 ~ A comparison of SFE with pyridine extraction was performed on samples of hydrolyzed crude bovine bile. The SFE method yielded recoveries higher than 82.7 % compared with conventional liquid extraction. Moreover, SFE minimized sample handling, reduced the consumption of harmful solvents and provided conditions suitable for selective extractions of bile acids from bovine bile raw materials.

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“…15 The bile acids were derivatized and analysed by GC/MS according to literature methods. 16,17 The hexafluoroisopropyl-trifluoroacetyl bile acids generally cleave by loss of the trifluoroacetic acid (fragment a 1 ) or of the trifluoroacetyl group (a 4 ), by expulsion of the side-chain (f) and breaking of the D ring (h). Losses of H 2 O (a) and of methyl radical (b) are observed as well.…”

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confidence: 99%

Key fragmentations for the interpretation of mass spectra of disubstituted bile acids of bovine and porcine origin

Bortolini

Fantin

Medici

et al. 1997

Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.

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In order to meet the challenges of fast‐paced urban transformations, Laurent‐Paul Robert and Dr Vesna Petresin Robert of Rubedo call for a rethinking of the perennial Utopian model of urban design. They espouse a design strategy that is both able ‘to reflect the dynamics of urban growth and decay’, while meeting the needs of a ‘post‐capitalist economy’ ‐ a condition in which change is the only constant. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Determination of Free Bile Acids in Raw Materials and Bulk Products by HPLC and GC

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Simultaneous assessment of lipid classes and bile acids in human intestinal fluid by solid-phase extraction and HPLC methods

Simultaneous assessment of lipid classes and bile acids in human intestinal fluid by solid-phase extraction and HPLC methods

Supercritical fluid extraction of bile acids from bovine bile raw materials

Key fragmentations for the interpretation of mass spectra of disubstituted bile acids of bovine and porcine origin

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