Determination of four parabens and bisphenols A, F and S in human breast milk using QuEChERS and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry

Dualde, Pablo; Pardo, Olga; Fernández, Sandra F.; Pastor, Agustı́n; Yusà, Vicent

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.03.004

Cited by 62 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Increased urinary BPA level has also been associated with decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone and increased levels of free triiodothyronine hormone in a Chinese population aged 40 years or older [58]. BPA, BPF, and BPS have also been detected in human breast milk samples from Spanish mothers [59,60] (Table 2).…”

Section: Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bisphenols as a Legacy Pollutant, and Their Effects on Organ Vulnerability

Kim

Kumar

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Bisphenols are widely used in the synthesis of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins, and thermal paper, which are used in manufacturing items of daily use. Packaged foods and drinks are the main sources of exposure to bisphenols. These chemicals affect humans and animals by disrupting the estrogen, androgen, progesterone, thyroid, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor functions. Bisphenols exert numerous harmful effects because of their interaction with receptors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell signal alterations. Both cohort and case-control studies have determined an association between bisphenol exposure and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, reproductive abnormalities, obesity, and diabetes. Prenatal exposure to bisphenols results in developmental disorders in animals. These chemicals also affect the immune cells and play a significant role in initiating the inflammatory response. Exposure to bisphenols exhibit age, gender, and dose-dependent effects. Even at low concentrations, bisphenols exert toxicity, and hence deserve a critical assessment of their uses. Since bisphenols have a global influence on human health, the need to discover the underlying pathways involved in all disease conditions is essential. Furthermore, it is important to promote the use of alternatives for bisphenols, thereby restricting their uses.

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Section: Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bisphenols as a Legacy Pollutant, and Their Effects on Organ Vulnerability

Kim

Kumar

et al. 2019

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Increased urinary BPA level has also been associated with decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone and increased levels of free triiodothyronine hormone in a Chinese population aged 40 years or older [60]. BPA, BPF, and BPS have also been detected in human breast milk samples from Spanish mothers [61,62] (Table 2).…”

Section: Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bisphenols as A Legacy Pollutant, and Their Effects on Organ Vulnerability

Kim¹,

Kumar²,

Kumar³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Bisphenols are widely used in the synthesis of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins and thermal paper, which are used in manufacturing items of daily use. Packaged foods and drinks are the main sources of exposure to bisphenols. These chemicals affect humans and animals by disrupting the estrogen, androgen, progesterone, thyroid, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor functions. Bisphenols exert numerous harmful effects because of their interaction with receptors, ROS formation, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell signal alterations. Both cohort and case-control studies have determined an association between bisphenol exposure and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, reproductive abnormalities, obesity, and diabetes. Prenatal exposure to bisphenol results in developmental disorders in animals. These chemicals also affect the immune cells and play a significant role in initiating the inflammatory response. Exposure to bisphenols exhibit age, gender, and dose-dependent effects. Even at low concentrations, bisphenols exert toxicity, and hence deserve a critical assessment for their uses. Since bisphenols have a global influence on human health, the need to discover the underlying pathways involved in all disease conditions is essential. Furthermore, it is important to promote the use of alternatives for bisphenols, thereby restricting their uses.

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“…The analytes with the highest LOQproc values (below 55 ng/g) were captopril, methotrexate, ciprofloxacin, di-octyl phthalate (DOP), gabapentin, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), meclocycline and hydroxychloroquine. According to literature, LOQproc lower than 30 ng/g have been obtained in the analysis of xenobiotics in milk samples [17,24,49]. However, it is worth mentioning that, in most cases, softer criteria were chosen to set LOQ values, with the only requirement being the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) to be higher than 10.…”

Section: Instrumental and Procedural Limits Of Quantification (Loqs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Target Analysis and Suspect Screening of Xenobiotics in Milk by UHPLC-HRMS/MS

et al. 2021

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The development of suspect or non-target screening methods to detect xenobiotics in biological fluids is essential to properly understand the exposome and assess its adverse health effects on humans. In order to fulfil that aim, the biomonitorization of human fluids is compulsory. However, these methods are not yet extensively developed, especially for polar organic xenobiotics in biofluids such as milk, as most works are only focused on certain analytes of interest. In this work, a multi-target analysis method to determine 245 diverse xenobiotics in milk by means of Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC)-qOrbitrap was developed. Under optimal conditions, liquid milk samples were extracted with acetonitrile in the presence of anhydrous Na2SO4 and NaCl, and the extracts were cleaned-up by protein precipitation at low temperature and Captiva Non-Drip (ND)—Lipids filters. The optimized method was validated at two concentration-levels (10 ng/g and 40 ng/g) obtaining satisfactory figures of merit for more than 200 compounds. The validated multi-target method was applied to several milk samples, including commercial and breast milk, provided by 4 healthy volunteers. Moreover, the method was extended to perform suspect analysis of more than 17,000 xenobiotics. All in all, several diverse xenobiotics were detected, highlighting food additives (benzothiazole) or phytoestrogens (genistein and genistin) in commercial milk samples, and stimulants (caffeine), plasticizers (phthalates), UV filters (benzophenone), or pharmaceuticals (orlistat) in breast milk samples.

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Determination of four parabens and bisphenols A, F and S in human breast milk using QuEChERS and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry

Cited by 62 publications

References 54 publications

Bisphenols as a Legacy Pollutant, and Their Effects on Organ Vulnerability

Bisphenols as a Legacy Pollutant, and Their Effects on Organ Vulnerability

Bisphenols as A Legacy Pollutant, and Their Effects on Organ Vulnerability

Multi-Target Analysis and Suspect Screening of Xenobiotics in Milk by UHPLC-HRMS/MS

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